Mahavira Santvani 05

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Mahavira Santvani 05," based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Mahavira Santvani 05 Author: Adhyatmanand Saraswati Publisher: Navjivan Prakashan Mandir, Ahmedabad

This book is part of the "Santvani Granthavali," a collection of 28 books on various spiritual figures, published by Navjivan Prakashan Mandir. This particular volume focuses on Lord Mahavir.

Overall Theme: The book provides a detailed account of the life, teachings, and philosophy of Lord Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankar of Jainism. It emphasizes his spiritual journey, his reform of the existing Jain tradition, and his profound message of non-violence, self-control, and detachment.

Key Sections and Their Content:

• Introduction (Page 1-6):

  • Introduces the "Santvani Granthavali" as a joint effort by Navjivan and Divya Jivan Sangh, inspired by Swami Shivanandaji and the spirit of interfaith harmony.
  • Highlights the importance of value-based education and comparative religion studies.
  • Explains the book's purpose: to disseminate the message of religious tolerance and provide insights into Lord Mahavir's life and teachings for a wider audience, including students and educators.
  • Lists the table of contents, outlining the chapters: The Embodiment of Ultimate Gentleness, Historical Background, Unprecedented Leelas of the Previous Era, Vardhaman Becomes Mahavir, Austere Sadhana that Establishes One in Their Own Self, Attainment of Kevala Gnan, Enlightenment Discourse After Kevala Gnan, Mahaprayanotsav (Great Departure Festival), and Mahavir's Teachings.

• 1. The Embodiment of Ultimate Gentleness (Page 7-10):

  • Describes Mahavir's presence as immense and profound, transcending his physical form. His essence is felt to be immeasurable and eternal.
  • His philosophy of "being yet not being" is highlighted as a rare life phenomenon.
  • Emphasizes his equanimity (Samattva) as the core of his being, rooted in his teachings of Syadvada (multi-faceted truth) and Anekantavada (plurality of perspectives).
  • His victory over internal conflicts and enemies earned him the title "Arihant" (destroyer of enemies). He sought to win battles without fighting, a unique approach to life.
  • Mahavir is presented as the living embodiment of perfect composure and self-possession, an ideal of an indwelling human being. His thought process can serve as a guiding light for modern humanity.
  • The text clarifies that Mahavir did not found Jainism but reformed it, adding Brahmacharya (celibacy) to the existing four vows (non-violence, truth, non-stealing, non-possession), thus establishing the Panchamahavratas (five great vows).

• 2. Historical Background (Page 10-13):

  • Places Mahavir's birth in the context of ancient Indian history, specifically the 7th century BCE in the Licchavi republic in the region of modern Bihar.
  • Vaisali, the capital of the Licchavis, is described as a progressive state, laying the groundwork for democratic principles.
  • The Licchavis are identified as Suryavanshi Kshatriyas, descendants of Ikshvaku, and were known by the name Videha in earlier times, associated with the wise King Janaka.
  • The text notes that Mahavir was born into the maternal lineage of this Videha dynasty.
  • It highlights the Vedic roots of republican systems, referencing the Rig Veda.
  • Vaisali's prosperity and Mahavir's connection to it are emphasized, noting he spent twelve of his 42 Chaturmasas (four-month periods of retreat) there. Buddha also found Vaisali dear.
  • The text quotes Buddha's appreciation for the Licchavis' prosperity, their communal governance, adherence to traditions, respect for elders, and regard for women.

• 3. Unprecedented Leelas of the Previous Era (Page 13-23):

  • Details the conception and birth of Vardhaman (Mahavir's childhood name). His mother, Trishala, had fourteen auspicious dreams, interpreted as signifying either a great emperor or a Tirthankar.
  • The name "Vardhaman" was chosen due to the continuous increase in wealth and prosperity during his mother's pregnancy.
  • His birth was celebrated with the release of prisoners and the remission of debts.
  • Vardhaman's childhood is described as strong, handsome, radiating power, and fearless.
  • A notable incident recounts his childhood encounter with a snake on a tree branch, which he calmly handled, showcasing his innate courage and strength. This incident is presented as a precursor to his future "Mahavirta" (great valor).
  • The text distinguishes between ordinary valor and Mahavir's valor, which was about the transformation and righteous use of strength for human upliftment.
  • Vardhaman's intellectual prowess is also mentioned, noting he mastered grammar by the age of nine.
  • His inherent detachment from worldly pleasures and inclination towards renunciation are observed by his parents.
  • Despite his parents' desires for him to marry and continue the lineage, Vardhaman's resolve to renounce the world was clear. His marriage to Yashoda is presented as a concession to his mother's emotional plea, but his inner commitment to detachment remained unwavering. The details of his married life are scarce, leading to speculation between Svetambara and Digambara traditions regarding his household life.
  • The marriage is interpreted as a phase of preparation, where he demonstrated detachment even amidst family relationships.

• 4. Vardhaman Becomes Mahavir (Page 23-28):

  • After the passing of his parents, Vardhaman's resolve for renunciation intensified. He had promised his mother not to renounce during her lifetime.
  • He sought permission from his elder brother, Nandivardhan, to take diksha (initiation). Initially, Nandivardhan requested a two-year delay to allow the family to recover from their parents' demise, and Vardhaman, in his non-possessive nature, agreed.
  • These two years were spent in intensified spiritual practice, including simple living, asceticism, and abstaining from impure food and water.
  • The text describes celestial calls and signs that urged Vardhaman towards his great renunciation.
  • On the day of his renunciation (Magshar Vad Dasham), he took a final bath, adorned himself, and with unwavering resolve, accepted diksha.
  • The ceremony involved him shedding his ornaments, cutting his hair and beard, and taking the five great vows. At this moment, he attained Manahparyavagyan (mind-reading knowledge), in addition to his innate knowledge.
  • He bid farewell to his family and set out alone, vowing to endure all hardships without complaint or retaliation for twelve years.
  • The narrative then describes his encounter with a poor Brahmin who asks for his garment. Mahavir, now a monk, tears his only garment in half to give to the Brahmin. This incident is tied to the origin of the two Jain sects: Svetambara (who believe Mahavir wore clothes) and Digambara (who believe he remained unclothed from this point onwards). He endured extreme conditions of cold and heat without complaint.

• 5. Austere Sadhana that Establishes One in Their Own Self (Page 28-42):

  • This section details Mahavir's arduous 12-year period of asceticism and spiritual practice.
  • It highlights the importance of both external (lokantik) and internal (ekantik) sadhana.
  • The text describes his encounters with difficulties, including being struck by a cowherd, enduring harsh weather, and being subjected to insults and physical assaults by people and animals. He faced these challenges with equanimity and forgiveness.
  • The narrative recounts instances where he was tested, such as the incident with the cowherd who pierced his ears with sharp stakes, and how Mahavir endured it with silent acceptance.
  • His extreme austerities included long periods of fasting, even abstaining from water, and enduring the discomfort of insects and animals.
  • His principle of "acceptance" rather than "resistance" is emphasized as central to his practice.
  • A particularly striking episode is described where Mahavir undertook an incredibly difficult vow for his parana (breaking the fast), which was fulfilled by Chandana, a princess who had fallen into unfortunate circumstances. This event is elaborated upon, showing how Mahavir's principles were tested and ultimately validated.
  • The text explains that Mahavir's practice of enduring hardship was not about masochism but about accepting circumstances and transcending the ego.
  • His journey included facing various forms of suffering and criticism, yet he remained steadfast in his spiritual path, demonstrating profound inner strength and detachment.
  • The meticulous counting of his fasts and practices during this period highlights the intensity of his spiritual discipline.

• 6. Attainment of Kevala Gnan (Page 42-52):

  • This section describes the culmination of Mahavir's 12 years of intense penance, leading to the attainment of Kevala Gnan (omniscience).
  • It explains that Kevala Gnan is the ultimate state of liberation achieved by removing karmic coverings that veil the soul's inherent infinite knowledge, perception, bliss, and energy.
  • The text reiterates the role of tapas (austerities), meditation, and ahimsa (non-violence) as key elements in achieving liberation from karma.
  • It notes that after achieving Kevala Gnan, Mahavir purified himself of the 18 types of impurities (doshas) and became an Arihant, a supreme being who has conquered all internal enemies.
  • His first discourse after attaining Kevala Gnan is recounted, where he engaged in philosophical discussions with 11 Brahmin scholars led by Indrabhuti Gautama.
  • The text highlights the key differences between Mahavir's teachings and the earlier tradition of Parshvanatha, particularly the addition of Brahmacharya as the fifth great vow, and the emphasis on "Sanyama" (restraint) as the essence of Dharma.
  • Mahavir's concept of Syadvada is explained as a principle of understanding truth from multiple perspectives, promoting tolerance and avoiding dogma.
  • His teachings allowed women to undertake spiritual journeys and achieve liberation, establishing the foundation for both monastic (Sadhu/Sadhvi) and lay (Shravaka/Shravika) followers.
  • The text briefly mentions other spiritual figures and events of that era, like King Bimbisara and his son Meghakumara, who became Mahavir's disciple, illustrating the wide appeal of Mahavir's message.
  • An interesting anecdote about a disciple, Meghakumara, shows the challenges of renunciation and the importance of overcoming attachments.
  • The narrative of Nandishen, another disciple, highlights the struggle with worldly desires and the path to spiritual discipline.
  • The interaction with Goshala, a contemporary ascetic, is detailed, showcasing Mahavir's spiritual prowess and his ability to overcome challenges through inner strength and adherence to principles.

• 7. Enlightenment Discourse After Kevala Gnan (Page 52-66):

  • This section expands on Mahavir's public preaching after attaining Kevala Gnan.
  • It details his interactions with disciples, kings, and ordinary people, emphasizing his profound insights and the practical application of his teachings.
  • The story of King Bimbisara's son, Meghakumara, choosing renunciation over kingship is highlighted.
  • The transformation of Nandishen, a prince, through Mahavir's guidance, is also recounted.
  • The text describes various disciples' spiritual journeys, including their struggles and eventual spiritual attainment.
  • It touches upon the socio-political landscape of the time, including wars and societal changes, juxtaposed with the rise of the philosophy of non-violence and detachment.
  • Mahavir's interactions with his own family, including his daughter Priyadarshana and son-in-law Jamali (who later deviated from his teachings), are mentioned.
  • The text also touches upon the differing views between Jain traditions (Svetambara and Digambara) concerning Mahavir's attire and practices.
  • It includes discussions with other spiritual leaders of the time, like Keshi Kumar and Gangeya, highlighting the intellectual and spiritual depth of Mahavir's discourse.
  • The development of his chief disciple, Gautama, and his journey towards Kevala Gnan are described, including Mahavir's role in helping Gautama overcome his attachment.

• 8. Mahaprayanotsav (Great Departure Festival) (Page 66-72):

  • This section focuses on the final years and the passing of Lord Mahavir.
  • It describes his continued preaching and spiritual activities over many years after attaining Kevala Gnan.
  • The narrative leads to his final Chaturmasa in Pavapuri.
  • The text describes his final moments, his unbroken practice of fasting, and his serene departure from the physical body.
  • It emphasizes his ultimate liberation (Nirvana) and his role as the final Tirthankar in the current cosmic cycle.
  • The chapter concludes with the profound impact of Mahavir's teachings on humanity and his enduring legacy of truth and non-violence.
  • The event of his chief disciple, Gautama, achieving Kevala Gnan is depicted as a significant moment, occurring just as Mahavir attained Mahaparinirvana.

• 9. Mahavir's Teachings (Page 72-82):

  • This section compiles various essential quotes and teachings of Lord Mahavir.
  • Key themes include:
    • The supremacy of Dharma: defined by Ahimsa (non-violence), Sanyama (self-control), and Tap (austerities).
    • The nature of Ahimsa: extending beyond physical violence to the absence of harmful thoughts and intentions.
    • Detachment and Non-possession (Aparigraha): viewed as the root of greed and the necessity of renouncing all possessions, internal and external.
    • Conquering negative emotions: using peace to overcome anger, humility for pride, simplicity for deceit, and contentment for greed.
    • The importance of character: Knowledge without virtuous conduct is futile.
    • The value of Samyagdarshan (Right Faith): superior to worldly gains, it is the root of the path to liberation.
    • The Five Great Vows (Panchamahavratas): Ahimsa, Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy), and Aparigraha.
    • The transient nature of life: comparing it to falling leaves and dewdrops, urging constant effort and vigilance.
    • The futility of sensual pleasures: they offer brief happiness but prolonged suffering and act as barriers to liberation.
    • The essence of self-discipline: emphasizing self-control, right knowledge, and right conduct as the path to salvation.
    • The concept of 'Parigraha' (possession) being 'Murchha' (attachment): the true obstacle to liberation.

In essence, "Mahavira Santvani 05" is a devotional and informative biography that delves into the profound spiritual journey of Lord Mahavir, presenting his life as an exemplary model of self-discipline, non-violence, and the pursuit of ultimate truth. It serves as a guide to his core philosophical tenets and their practical application for spiritual liberation.