Mahavir Ki Kshama Aur Ahimsa Ka Ek Vishleshan

Here is a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Mahavir ki Kshama aur Ahimsa ka Ek Vishleshan" by Darbarilal Kothiya, focusing on the concepts of forgiveness (Kshama) and non-violence (Ahimsa) as expounded by Lord Mahavir:

The text begins by establishing that peace and happiness are universal aspirations, experienced by all beings, regardless of their circumstances. Whether a patient in pain, a poor person facing scarcity, a wealthy individual troubled by anxieties, or a soldier on the battlefield, the underlying desire is for peace and relief from suffering. This fundamental human yearning for tranquility forms the basis of philosophical insights and enduring principles.

The author then delves into the destructive consequences of anger. Using historical examples like the bombing of Japan by Germany, and personal examples like Hitler, Mussolini, and Pakistan's actions, the text illustrates how anger not only devastates surroundings but also leads to the downfall of those who harbor it. Individual anger, too, can inflict severe damage.

In contrast, forgiveness (Kshama) is presented as a powerful weapon that nullifies the impact of anger and brings the angry person towards submission. Forgiveness not only protects the forgiver but also extends its positive influence to others, like a pleasant fragrance that permeates the atmosphere. True forgiveness originates from within, is devoid of fear, and is the strength of the brave, not the cowardly. The courageous individual, empowered by forgiveness, remains fearless and victorious, even turning enemies into allies. Those who possess forgiveness are naturally distant from anger. Forgiveness, along with tolerance, is a quality that unites vast numbers of people, fostering closeness and understanding. The United Nations itself is cited as an example of an organization built on this principle.

The text highlights that Tirthankar Mahavir possessed this quality of forgiveness to an unlimited extent. Consequently, even creatures naturally opposed to each other, like snakes and mongooses, or lions and cows, found refuge with him, forgetting their animosity. In Mahavir's view, all humans were equal, with their status determined by the development of their virtues – righteousness (Samyakdrishti), knowledge (Samyagjnani), and conduct (Samyakcharitri).

Ahimsa (non-violence) is described as a luminous ray of forgiveness, illuminating the inner self. The practitioner of Ahimsa first strengthens their soul and mind by cultivating forgiveness internally. Upon achieving a high state of forgiveness, they nurture gentleness, simplicity, and detachment in their heart for its protection. To make Ahimsa complete, one must also diligently practice truthfulness, non-stealing, chastity, and non-possession.

The common understanding of Ahimsa – not killing any creature – is deemed too superficial. Tirthankar Mahavir redefined Ahimsa as the absence of the thought, word, or action of violence. Even if unintentional harm occurs due to carelessness, if the intent is not violent, the individual is not considered violent. Violence, in essence, is the taking of life due to attachment and agitation (pramatta yoga-kashaya). Both violence and non-violence are fundamentally dependent on one's intentions or inner states. A fisherman, constantly harboring the intention to catch fish, is deemed violent even if unsuccessful, while a farmer who cultivates land with the intention of producing food, despite accidental harm to organisms, is considered non-violent due to their pure intentions. Mahavir's subtle definition of violence and non-violence, based on internal states, elevates them beyond common understanding and guides individuals away from sin and deception.

The text concludes by stating that an adherent of Ahimsa can engage in farming, business, and even take up arms for self-defense or national protection, as long as their intention is defensive and not aggressive. Accepting aggression without resistance is seen as cowardice, which is a form of violence against oneself, as it stems from fear. Therefore, Mahavir not only understood and practiced the nuances of Ahimsa but also preached it in its most refined form.

Finally, the text asserts that for humanity to love one another and protect itself in the present day, it must embrace Mahavir's profound concepts of forgiveness and non-violence. It is impossible to profess love for humanity externally while harboring malice internally. True human love requires a congruence between inner and outer states. Only through such inner love can global humanity survive and develop compassion for other beings. The practice of forgiveness and non-violence fosters the growth of love and compassion in individuals, societies, nations, and the world, ultimately leading to universal happiness.