Mahavir Kaheta Hava - Book Summary

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Mahavir Kaheta Hava" (Mahavir Was Saying), authored by Vadilal Motilal Shah, in English:

Book Title: Mahavir Kaheta Hava (Mahavir Was Saying) Author: Vadilal Motilal Shah Publisher: Shakrabhai Motilal Shah Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034949/1

Overall Theme and Purpose:

"Mahavir Kaheta Hava" is a work that seeks to present the teachings of Lord Mahavir in a contemporary and powerful manner, resonating with the challenges and aspirations of 20th-century India. The book's title suggests that it conveys the essence of Mahavir's wisdom as if he were speaking in the present day. The author, V.M. Shah, uses Mahavir's name and ideals to advocate for a new national ethos, emphasizing self-reliance, strength, and spiritual awakening. The text draws inspiration from various philosophical traditions, including Jainism and Nietzschean philosophy, to forge a vision for individual and societal transformation.

Key Concepts and Arguments:

Redefining the "Jain": The text posits that a "Jain" is not merely a follower of a religion but a human being possessing two key wings:
- Imaginative Power (Akashgami Kalpana Shakti): The ability to conceive of the extraordinary and the infinite.
- Effort/Austerity (Purusharth or Tap): The power of self-discipline and action. These qualities, when combined, elevate an ordinary person into a "Jain" – a Garuda (eagle), a lion, a divine being, a conqueror. Without these wings, one remains bound to earthly desires, humility, and the "life of an insect." The ultimate goal of a Jain is "Moksha" (liberation), achieved through the renunciation of worldly gains after experiencing them.
The "Mahavir" Ideal: The book argues that the world needs individuals who embody the strength, courage, and transformative power associated with Lord Mahavir. It suggests that modern India, like other parts of the world, lacks such complete individuals. The author sees the writings of figures like Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, Romain Rolland, and Mahatma Gandhi as attempts to shape society but believes a true "Mahavir" is yet to fully emerge. The book itself is presented as a preliminary step towards articulating the principles that could lead to the emergence of such a figure.
Critique of Passive Spirituality and Societal Norms: The text critiques a passive approach to spirituality and societal engagement. It criticizes the prevailing sentiment in India of relying on "compassion," "protection," and inherited traditions ("old temples") without the necessary strength and will to dismantle outdated structures and build anew. The author emphasizes the need for active, decisive action, likening it to the use of a hammer and chisel. Mahatma Gandhi's efforts are seen as a positive sign in this direction, but the author anticipates future leaders who will wield even greater power and wisdom.
The Power of the Inner Self: A significant portion of the text emphasizes the importance of self-reliance and realizing one's inner potential. The narrative depicts a metaphorical encounter on Mount Shatrunjay where the narrator meets Muni Jinvijay. Muni Jinvijay's advice is to shed the ego and past memories to become like a child, thereby accessing a deeper level of perception and truth. This transformation is crucial for truly understanding Mahavir and achieving liberation.
Mahavir's Direct Teachings (Metaphorical Dialogue): The core of the book comprises a philosophical dialogue attributed to Lord Mahavir. This dialogue addresses a character named Gautam (a devout follower). Mahavir's teachings in this section are characterized by:
- Emphasis on Self-Power (Swa-bal): Mahavir stresses that true strength comes from within, not from external support, pity, or divine intervention. He challenges the idea of "begging" for help, advocating for self-reliance.
- Rejection of Dependence: He rejects the notion of "Gods" and "Masters" in the traditional sense, stating they are dead. He advocates for individuals to realize their own divine potential.
- Critique of Conventional Morality and Dependence on Women: Mahavir points out that societal dependence, particularly men's reliance on women's "warmth" and the loss of self-respect, leads to weakness and a lack of assertiveness. He contrasts this with the inherent strength and independence of women.
- The Metamorphosis of the Soul: Through the allegory of a shepherd, sheep, and their transformation into a camel, then a lion, and finally a child, Mahavir illustrates the evolutionary stages of the soul:
  - Camel: Represents blind adherence to rules and societal norms, carrying burdens without understanding.
  - Lion: Symbolizes the breaking of chains, the attainment of independence, and the courage to challenge old values and create new ones.
  - Child: Embodies innocence, fearlessness, joy, and self-sufficiency, the ultimate state of being liberated and self-realized.
- The True Nature of "Help": Mahavir dismisses the concept of external help, advocating instead for the development of inner strength and the ability to overcome challenges independently. He sees true help as fostering self-reliance and growth.
- The Rejection of Fear and Dependence on Institutions: The text strongly criticizes reliance on external authorities (gods, gurus, rulers) and the fear that binds individuals. It advocates for a life lived with courage, self-awareness, and a spirit of continuous self-overcoming.
Nietzschean Influence: The book liberally quotes Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly his ideas on the "will to power," the "Übermensch" (overman), the transformation of values, and the critique of herd mentality and traditional morality. This philosophical framework is integrated into the Jain context to present a more dynamic and assertive vision of spiritual progress.
Literary Style and Structure: The book uses a narrative structure, framing Mahavir's teachings within a mystical encounter and a dialogue. It incorporates philosophical aphorisms, both from Jain scriptures and Western thinkers like Nietzsche, to support its arguments. The author's intent is to awaken the reader to their own inner strength and potential.

Significance and Context:

Published in the early 20th century, "Mahavir Kaheta Hava" reflects a period of significant social and political change in India. It attempts to reconcile ancient spiritual wisdom with the need for national resurgence and individual empowerment in a modern world. The author's endeavor is to present a revitalized understanding of Jainism's core principles, emphasizing action, self-mastery, and a fearless approach to life, thereby creating a new ideal for the Indian people.