Mahatparva

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Mahatparva," by Sukhlal Sanghavi:

The text discusses the profound significance of the Samvatsarik festival (often referred to as Paryushan in Jainism) within the Jain tradition, arguing that its true importance lies not in external observances like fasting or asceticism, which are common to other festivals as well, but in something more profound and deeply personal.

The author, Sukhlal Sanghavi, emphasizes that while every Jain understands Samvatsarik to be a significant festival, the depth of its meaning needs to be more widely understood and appreciated. He states that the true value of this festival lies in introspection and self-observation.

Key themes and arguments presented in the text:

• The Core of Samvatsarik: Introspection and Self-Correction: The primary purpose of the Samvatsarik festival, according to Sanghavi, is for individuals to closely examine their own life's activities. This introspection should focus on identifying mistakes, faults, and shortcomings, both big and small, in their interactions with others.
• The Transformative Power of Acknowledging Faults: When a person genuinely and humbly recognizes their errors, even minor ones, they become acutely aware of them, feeling their weight. This awareness, coupled with vigilance and discernment, guides individuals on how to properly relate to and cultivate relationships with others. This internal observation prevents one's consciousness from becoming fragmented.
• Personal and Communal Significance: This practice of introspection is not limited to ascetics or renunciates but is essential for everyone, regardless of age, profession, or affiliation, for achieving success and winning the hearts of others by rectifying their flaws. While this is the personal aspect, the author highlights that Samvatsarik also possesses a crucial communal dimension, one that is perhaps more emphasized in this festival than in others.
• The Practice of Confession and Forgiveness: The text draws parallels with other religious traditions like Buddhism (Pratikraman) and Christianity, where communal confession of sins and seeking forgiveness are practiced. Similarly, Jainism emphasizes the importance of humility and renouncing ego. The core principle is the admission of one's faults and seeking sincere forgiveness from those who have been wronged, as well as offering forgiveness to others. This is vital for social harmony and well-being.
• The Tradition of "Khame-Khamave": This leads to the Jain tradition of "khame-khamave" (mutual tolerance and forgiveness) within communities, cities, and even between different Jain groups. The Sangha (community) includes not only monks but also householders, men, and women, representing various sects and lineages. The principle extends beyond one's immediate group, acknowledging that interactions and potential misunderstandings can occur with anyone.
• The Erosion of True Meaning: Sanghavi laments that while the practice of "khame-khamave" continues, its original spirit is often forgotten. The text highlights a concern that the Jain practice of seeking forgiveness even from the subtlest of beings (like microscopic organisms) might be misconstrued. The true intention behind seeking forgiveness from all beings is to first reconcile with those with whom one has personal discord or strained relationships.
• Critique of Superficial Observance: The author criticizes the modern tendency to prioritize outward displays and rituals (like processions, music, etc.) over the inner spirit of reconciliation and forgiveness. He observes that often, forgiveness is primarily sought from those with whom there is a worldly benefit in maintaining good relations, while genuine reconciliation with those with whom there is a personal rift is neglected. This, he states, stifles the true essence of forgiveness.
• The Role of Spiritual Leaders: The text points out that the responsibility for revitalizing the true meaning of Samvatsarik also lies with the spiritual leaders (Gurus). If the Gurus themselves treat the festival merely as a ritual, the spiritual essence will not permeate the community. He calls for Gurus to actively inspire their followers to embrace the true spirit of the festival, thereby spreading its positive influence to society and the nation.
• Internal Divisions within Jainism: The author also touches upon the internal divisions within Jainism (e.g., Digambara, Shvetambara, Terapanthi, Sthanakvasi). He questions what prevents different monastic orders and sects from fully reconciling and forgiving each other, even after renouncing worldly life. This lack of genuine reconciliation within smaller groups negatively impacts the broader community, leading to a focus on superficial devotional acts rather than the cultivation of virtues and their appreciation – the very core of Samvatsarik.
• The Need for "Bhava" (Inner Feeling): In conclusion, Sanghavi emphasizes that while the external practices of the festival exist, it is crucial to infuse them with "bhava" (inner sentiment and intention). He suggests that efforts in this direction constitute true propagation. He urges for a swift understanding of this, as it is beneficial for individuals, society, and humanity as a whole.

In essence, "Mahatparva" is a call to rediscover and live the true, profound meaning of the Samvatsarik festival by emphasizing sincere self-reflection, heartfelt forgiveness, and genuine reconciliation, moving beyond mere ritualistic observances.