Mahatma Jati Ka Sankshipta Itihas

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Mahatma Jati ka Sankshipta Itihas" based on the provided pages:

The book is a collection of prayers, hymns, and dialogues, compiled with the intention of uplifting the soul and providing spiritual solace. The author expresses a long-held desire to compile such devotional material, believing that the sweetness and devotional nature of prayers and hymns have the power to enliven the spirit. The book aims to guide individuals, especially the youth, away from negative influences and towards a righteous path through the power of prayer.

Key Themes and Content:

• The Power of Prayer: The text emphasizes that prayer has the strength to transform even sinners into great souls and lead them towards divine realization. It highlights prayer's role in overcoming negativity and violence prevalent in the world. Mahatma Gandhi's own reliance on prayer for mental stability is cited as an example.

• The "Mahatma Jati" (Mahatma Caste/Community): A significant portion of the book is dedicated to explaining the historical origins and role of the "Mahatma Jati" within Jainism.

  • Origins: The text traces their origin back to the time of Lord Rishabhdev, where a specific group of celestial beings were appointed to assist in rituals and the maintenance of domestic life for householders. They were considered "Vrihad Shravaks" (great lay followers).
  • Distinguishing Features: They were identified by a sacred thread with three strands, symbolizing the Ratnatraya (Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct). This practice evolved over time with different metals used for the thread by subsequent rulers.
  • Role as Gurukul Teachers (Kulaguru): Historically, they served as "Kulagurus" or "Shiksha Gurus" (family preceptors or educators) who imparted knowledge and guided householders towards righteous living. This role was crucial in preparing individuals for spiritual pursuits later in life.
  • Preservation of Dharma: During times of religious upheaval and schisms, the "Mahatma" community played a vital role in preserving Jain Dharma. They even adopted the attire of ascetics (munis) to continue the propagation of Jain teachings when the ascetics were not available.
  • Historical Significance: The text mentions prominent figures from the "Mahatma Jati" who served as royal preceptors and advisors to kings, including figures in the courts of Nand and Maurya dynasties, and later in the Mewar region.
  • Evolution of the Name: The term "Mahana" (derived from Prakrit) was initially used. In 1220 AD, under Maharaja Kumarpal's request to Acharya Hemchandracharya, the name was changed to "Mahatma" to distinguish them from Vedic Brahmins and to reflect their multifaceted role, which included astrology, medicine, and preserving the history of the Jain community.
  • Current Status: The text notes that "Mahatmas" are still revered as gurus by rulers in Rajasthan and have been granted jagirs (land grants) historically. They are known by different names in various regions (Guruji Mahatma, Gurasa, Kulaguru, Gorji). They are householders, not ascetics.
  • Community Contribution: The book highlights the educational and religious contributions of the "Mahatma Jati," stating that they deliver sermons during Paryushan festivals in places where monks cannot reach. Many have their own home temples (ghardesar) and are devoted to monks.
  • Call for Integration: The text urges the Jain community to embrace and honor the "Mahatma Jati," inviting them to officiate at important ceremonies and encouraging societal support for their children's education to strengthen the Jain priestly tradition.

• Inspirational Content:

  • National Songs: The collection includes nationalistic songs like "Vande Mataram," "Jana Gana Mana," and "Sare Jahan Se Achha," reflecting patriotism and national pride.
  • Devotional Songs and Prayers: Numerous Jain devotional songs (bhajans) are presented, dedicated to various Tirthankaras, particularly Lord Mahavir and Lord Parshvanath. These prayers express devotion, seek guidance, and lament the transient nature of worldly life.
  • Dialogues (Samvad): Educational dialogues are included, covering topics like the importance of education, the perils of gambling, and the nature of worldly attachments.
  • Moral Teachings: Many couplets (dohas) and verses offer moral and ethical guidance on living a virtuous life.

• Patriotism and Social Reform: The book implicitly weaves in themes of patriotism and social responsibility. The inclusion of national songs and the emphasis on righteous conduct suggest a desire for a better society and nation, guided by Jain principles.

• Personal Gratitude: The author expresses deep gratitude to his spiritual mentors, particularly Punjab Kesari Shri Mad Vijay Vallabsurishwarji Maharaj and the Atmanand Jain Gurukul. He also thanks those who assisted in the compilation and publication of the book.

In essence, "Mahatma Jati ka Sankshipta Itihas" is a devotional compilation that not only offers spiritual solace through prayers and hymns but also provides a historical account and affirmation of the significant and enduring role of the "Mahatma Jati" within Jain society. It advocates for the integration and support of this community, recognizing their contributions to both religious and cultural life.