Mahakshatrap Raja Rudradama

Here is a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, "Mahakshatrap Raja Rudradama" by Vijayendrasuri:

This book, published by Yashovijay Jain Granthmala, is a historical study of Mahakshatrap Raja Rudradaman, a prominent ruler of the Western Satraps. The author, Acharya Shri Vijayendrasuri, delves into historical records to shed new light on the connections between Jainism, particularly the Acharya Kalkacharya, and the Sakas (or Scythians), who became known as Kshatrapas in India.

Key Themes and Arguments:

• The Jain Connection to the Sakas: The central thesis of the book is that the Western Satraps, and specifically Raja Rudradaman, had a close and significant relationship with Jainism. The author argues that the Sakas were brought to India by Acharya Kalkacharya, a prominent Jain monk, to overthrow the tyrannical King Gardabhilla of Ujjain. This alliance was instrumental in the establishment of Saka rule in India.
• Challenging Conventional Historical Narratives: The book aims to correct what the author perceives as inaccuracies or omissions in existing historical accounts of the Sakas and their relationship with Jainism. It highlights that while some scholars have hinted at a connection between the Sakas and Kalkacharya, the depth and significance of this relationship have not been fully explored.
• Origin and Migration of the Sakas: The text provides an extensive discussion on the origins and migrations of the Saka people, tracing their roots from Central Asia, their movements triggered by conflicts with other tribes, and their eventual arrival in India. This section draws heavily on archaeological findings, linguistic analysis, and references from ancient Chinese and Indian texts.
• Raja Rudradaman's Reign and Accomplishments: The book details Rudradaman's reign, his military victories, administrative skills, and his role in restoring the Sudarshana Lake. It emphasizes his prowess as a conqueror, statesman, and patron of arts and culture. The author stresses Rudradaman's adoption of Indian culture and administrative practices, portraying him as a benevolent ruler.
• The Sudarshana Lake Inscription: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to analyzing the famous Girnar rock inscription of Rudradaman. The author discusses its historical context, the inscription's content detailing the restoration of the Sudarshana Lake, and its linguistic and paleographic aspects.
• Debunking Alternative Interpretations: A considerable part of the text is a detailed refutation of scholarly views that attribute the Sudarshana Lake inscription or parts of it to other rulers, particularly Emperor Ashoka (under the name Priyadarshi). The author meticulously analyzes the inscription's text, its historical timeline, and linguistic evidence to firmly establish it as belonging to Rudradaman. He criticizes theories that attempt to connect the inscription to Ashoka or other rulers, highlighting chronological inconsistencies and misinterpretations of the text.
• The Jain Faith of the Satraps: The author presents arguments for the Jain faith of the Sakas, citing the inscription's use of Jain terminology, the connection with Acharya Kalkacharya, and the general influence of Jainism in the region during that period. He suggests that Rudradaman's vow to abstain from killing except in battle might be a reflection of Jain principles.
• Genealogy of the Kshaharata Dynasty: The book includes a detailed genealogy of the Kshaharata dynasty, tracing the lineage from Jamatika (or Bhumaka) through Chastana, Jayadaman, and then to Rudradaman and his successors.

Methodology and Sources:

The author relies on a wide array of sources, including:

• Archaeological findings: Coins, inscriptions (especially the Girnar rock inscription).
• Literary texts: Jain religious literature (like Kalaka-katha, Prabhavaka-charitra), historical accounts, and Sanskrit/Prakrit literature.
• Works of other scholars: Both Indian and European historians and archaeologists are referenced and often debated.

Overall Significance:

"Mahakshatrap Raja Rudradama" is a scholarly work that aims to revise and deepen the understanding of the historical interplay between a major political power in ancient India and the Jain tradition. It presents a compelling argument for the significant role of Jainism in influencing the policies and potentially the personal faith of the Western Satrap rulers, particularly Raja Rudradaman. The book is critical of previous interpretations and strives to provide a more accurate historical account based on its rigorous analysis of available evidence.