Lala Lajpatray Ane Jain Dharma - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Lala Lajpatray Ane Jain Dharma" by Buddhisagar, based on the provided pages:

Title: Lala Lajpatray Ane Jain Dharma (Lala Lajpatrai and Jain Dharma) Author: Jainacharya Yoganishtha Shrimad Buddhisagar Suri Publisher: Adhyatma Gyan Prasarak Mandal Year of Publication: 1924 (Veer Samvat 2450)

Overview:

This book is a response by Jainacharya Buddhisagar Suri to certain views expressed by Lala Lajpatrai, a prominent Indian nationalist leader, regarding Jainism in his book "Bharatka Itihas" (History of India). The author, Acharya Buddhisagar Suri, aims to correct perceived inaccuracies and misinterpretations in Lala Lajpatrai's work concerning Jain history, philosophy, and principles. The book also includes biographical information about Seth Nagindas Raychand, who financially supported its publication.

Key Themes and Arguments:

Correction of Lala Lajpatrai's Views: The core purpose of the book is to refute specific points made by Lala Lajpatrai about Jainism. Acharya Buddhisagar Suri addresses several key areas:
- Origin and Antiquity of Jainism: Lala Lajpatrai is presented as having erred in his historical understanding of Jainism, suggesting it originated around the time of Buddhism and that its primary propagator was Parshvanath (around 250 years before Buddha). The author strongly refutes this, asserting Jainism's immense antiquity, predating Buddhism and even being contemporary with Vedic traditions. He cites evidence from ancient texts like the Rigveda and Bhagavad Purana that mention Rishabhadeva (Adinath), the first Tirthankara, and other Tirthankaras, to establish Jainism's deep historical roots. The author argues that many Vedic concepts, including ahimsa, were influenced by Jainism.
- Mahavir Swami's Role: Lajpatrai's assertion that Mahavir Swami founded a "new sect" is challenged. The author clarifies that Mahavir Swami was a propagator and restorer of the ancient Jain principles established by the first Tirthankara, Rishabhadeva, not the founder of a new religion.
- Comparison with Buddhism: The book argues that despite superficial similarities in certain ethical principles found in all religions, Jainism and Buddhism are fundamentally distinct. Key differences highlighted include Jainism's belief in the soul (Atma) as opposed to Buddhism's anatma (non-soul) doctrine, the concept of karma, and the Jain acceptance of the concept of God (though not a creator God in the Abrahamic sense), which is often misinterpreted. The author notes that while Buddhism is generally regarded as having originated after Jainism, some earlier European scholars had mistakenly linked them.
- Concept of God (Ishvara): Lala Lajpatrai is quoted as saying that Jains deny God and consider the best, most virtuous, and renouncing human as God. The author refutes this, explaining that Jains do not believe in a creator God in the Abrahamic or certain Hindu traditions. Instead, they revere the Tirthankaras and Siddhas as perfected souls who have attained liberation and possess omniscience and supreme bliss. They are considered divine beings, but not creators. The author draws parallels with certain interpretations in Vedanta and Sankhya philosophies, which also emphasize the soul's potential for divinity. He criticizes Lajpatrai for labeling Jains as atheists based on this nuanced understanding of the divine.
- Ahimsa and Cowardice: Lajpatrai's perceived linkage of Jain ahimsa (non-violence) to cowardice is strongly contested. The author explains the multi-layered concept of ahimsa in Jainism, distinguishing between the strict ahimsa practiced by monks (absolute non-violence) and the more practical application by householders (limited non-violence based on necessity and evolving through stages of restraint). He argues that Jain householders do not become weak but engage in righteous actions, including defense when necessary, within the framework of their vows. The author cites historical examples of Jain leaders and kings who were strong rulers and warriors, asserting that Jainism does not promote weakness. He counters Lajpatrai's implication by highlighting the strong communal and economic influence of Jain merchants and administrators throughout Indian history.
- Jain Social Conduct: Lajpatrai's accusation that Jains are cruel towards humans despite their compassion for small creatures is deemed unfounded and malicious. The author counters this by highlighting numerous instances of Jain philanthropy, charity, establishment of hospitals, schools, and aid to the poor and destitute, especially during times of famine and distress. He emphasizes that Jains consider the protection of humans to be a higher form of compassion than that of animals. He also points to the historical contributions of Jains in administration and governance.
- Jainism's Impact on Indian Politics: Lajpatrai's claim that Jainism and Buddhism contributed to the political downfall of India is rejected. The author argues that historical evidence shows Jain kings and ministers actively participated in governance and warfare, and that the political decline of India was due to internal conflicts, lack of unity among Hindu rulers, and external invasions, rather than the principles of Jain or Buddhist dharma. He cites examples of powerful Jain rulers and the contributions of Jain figures like Bhama Shah to political stability. He contrasts the perceived passivity of some current Jains with the historical engagement of Jain communities in political and economic affairs.
- Interpretation of Jain Scriptures: The author emphasizes that many of Lajpatrai's criticisms stem from a lack of direct study of Jain scriptures and an over-reliance on misinterpretations or the views of others. He stresses the importance of understanding Jain philosophy and history from original Jain texts and through the guidance of Jain scholars.
The Role of Seth Nagindas Raychand: The book dedicates significant space to the biography of Seth Nagindas Raychand, a respected businessman and philanthropist from Mehsana. It details his life, his dedication to Jain principles, his charitable activities, and the support provided by his sons for the publication of this book. This biographical section serves to honor a key supporter and highlight the virtues of a devout Jain layman.
Call for Jain Unity and Action: The author urges the Jain community to remain vigilant, unite, and actively defend their faith against misrepresentations. He advocates for the establishment of organizations dedicated to protecting Jain Dharma and responding to criticisms. He also encourages Jains to cultivate both spiritual and practical knowledge, engage in charitable activities, and present a strong and united front in the modern world.
Author's Tone and Intent: Acharya Buddhisagar Suri adopts a scholarly yet passionate tone. He aims to educate both Jain and non-Jain readers about the depth and historical significance of Jainism. While refuting Lajpatrai's points, he maintains a respectful demeanor, suggesting that Lajpatrai's errors may have stemmed from ignorance or external influences rather than malice. He expresses a hope that Lajpatrai would correct his views in subsequent editions.

Structure and Content:

The book is structured as a detailed rebuttal, addressing each of Lala Lajpatrai's points systematically. It includes:

Introduction and Dedication: Pages dedicated to acknowledging the sponsors and the spiritual lineage.
Foreword and Preface: Setting the context of the book and the author's motivation.
Biographies: Life sketches of Lala Lajpatrai (briefly) and Seth Nagindas Raychand (in detail).
Detailed Rebuttals: Chapters or sections dedicated to refuting each specific claim made by Lala Lajpatrai.
Scriptural and Historical Evidence: Frequent references to Jain scriptures, historical accounts, and scholarly opinions (both Indian and European) to support the author's arguments.
Author's Philosophy and Vision: The author weaves in his broader views on Jainism, its role in the world, and its potential for future growth.
Appendices/Catalogs: Lists of other published works by the Adhyatma Gyan Prasarak Mandal.

Significance:

"Lala Lajpatray Ane Jain Dharma" is a significant work in Jain literature, representing an important intellectual engagement between Jain scholars and prominent national figures of the early 20th century. It highlights the Jain community's commitment to preserving and propagating their religious heritage and correcting historical narratives. The book reflects the scholarly and apologetic tradition within Jainism, aiming to present a clear and accurate understanding of its principles to a wider audience during a crucial period of India's burgeoning nationalism.