Khartar Matotpatti

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Khartar Matotpatti" by Gyansundar Maharaj:

Overview and Author's Motivation:

The book "Khartar Matotpatti" (Origin of the Khartar Sect) by Gyansundar Maharaj, published by Ratnaprabhakar Gyan Pushpamala, is a critical historical and theological examination of the origins and doctrines of the Khartar Gachha (sect) within Jainism. The author, Gyansundar Maharaj, states in the preface that he initially maintained patience for fifteen years regarding the "atrocities" and "oppressions" of the Khartar community. However, their continued denigration of revered ancient acharyas (Jain monks/scholars) like Ratnaprabh Suri, and their false claims about the lineage and contributions of previous gurus, compelled him to write this book. He felt it was his duty to prevent misinformation from spreading and to protect the Jain community from spiritual harm caused by these "false statements."

Core Argument and Historical Claims:

The central thesis of "Khartar Matotpatti" is that the Khartar sect's origins are based on fabricated history and that their claimed lineage and the "Khartar" title attributed to their founding figures are not supported by authentic ancient Jain scriptures or historical evidence. Gyansundar Maharaj meticulously dissects the Khartar narrative, primarily focusing on disproving the claim that their founder, Jineshwara Suri, received the title "Khartar" from King Durlabh of Patan in Vikram Samvat 1080 after a debate with Chaityavasis (monks residing in temples).

Key Points and Evidence Presented:

The book is divided into four parts, each exploring different aspects of the Khartar origin story and related issues. The author relies heavily on:

• Analysis of Ancient Texts: He cites and analyzes numerous ancient Jain texts, commentaries, and historical records to establish the correct timelines and the actual teachings of the acharyas.
• Historical Records and Inscriptions: The author refers to historical chronicles, royal genealogies, and archaeological evidence, particularly inscriptions, to counter the Khartar claims about historical events and figures.
• Genealogical Research: He meticulously traces the lineages of Jain acharyas, contrasting the Khartar claims with established historical lines, particularly highlighting the "Chandra Gachha" and its prominent figures.
• Critique of Khartar Sources: The author points out inconsistencies and contradictions within Khartar pattavalis (lists of spiritual succession) and other texts, suggesting they were created later to support their narrative.

Main Areas of Contention and Author's Findings:

1. The "Khartar" Title and Jineshwara Suri:

   • The author asserts that the claim of Jineshwara Suri receiving the "Khartar" title from King Durlabh in VS 1080 is entirely fabricated.
   • Historical research indicates King Durlabh's reign in Patan ended in VS 1078, making the VS 1080 claim impossible.
   • Jineshwara Suri himself recorded that he was in Javalipur (Jalor) in VS 1080, composing a commentary on Haribhadra Suri's work, contradicting the Patan debate theory.
   • Furthermore, the author argues that for a significant period after Jineshwara Suri, his successors (including Abhayadeva Suri) did not mention the "Khartar" title, nor did they identify themselves as Khartar. Instead, they consistently referred to themselves as belonging to the "Chandra Gachha."

2. Origin of the "Khartar" Term:

   • The book argues that the term "Khartar" (meaning harsh, strict, or sharp) originated from the personality of Jindatta Suri, a successor of Jinavallabha Suri. Jindatta Suri was known for his rigid and uncompromising nature, leading people to call him "Khartar" (harsh). Initially, this was an insult or a descriptive term, not a sect name.
   • Over time, this term, despite its negative connotations, was adopted by Jindatta Suri's followers as their sect name, likely around the 14th century (VS).

3. Jindavallabha Suri and the "Vidhi Marg" Sect:

   • The author identifies Jinavallabha Suri as the progenitor of a new sect called "Vidhi Marg" (Path of Rituals). Jinavallabha, a disciple of the Chaityavasi Jineshwara Suri, is accused of deviating from established Jain teachings by promoting the concept of a "sixth kalyanaka" (auspicious event) for Lord Mahavir, the "Garbhapahar" kalyanaka.
   • This new doctrine was considered "utsutra" (against the scriptures) by the broader Jain community and led to Jinavallabha's excommunication from the Sangha.
   • The author also criticizes Jinavallabha's disciple, Jindatta Suri, for prohibiting women from worshipping Jin statues, another "utsutra" pronouncement.

4. Critique of Khartar Practices and Doctrines:

   • The book details numerous doctrinal and ritualistic deviations (utsutra pronouncements) attributed to the Khartar sect, including:
     • Incorrect pronunciation or modification of mantras like the Navkar Mantra.
     • Alterations in the ritual of performing Samayika (meditation).
     • Specific rules regarding the observance of Paushadh Vrat (a fasting ritual).
     • Reinterpretations of scripture related to dietary rules (bhakshya-abhakshya) and fasting.
     • Changes in the prescribed order of rituals during Upadhan (a religious observance) and Pratikraman (confession/repentance).
     • The introduction of new practices and the modification of existing ones, often attributed to a desire to differentiate themselves or exert influence.

5. Critique of Chaityavasis and the Author's Defense:

   • The Khartar narrative often paints the Chaityavasis (monks living in temples) as corrupt and lax. Gyansundar Maharaj defends the Chaityavasis, arguing that their practice of residing in temples was a legitimate part of Jain monastic life in earlier periods and provided benefits to the laity for spiritual activities. He highlights that historical figures like Haribhadra Suri and Abhayadeva Suri, who were respected acharyas, had connections with or accepted the patronage of Chaityavasi acharyas. He criticizes the Khartars for unjustly slandering the Chaityavasis.

6. The "Kavala" Term:

   • The Khartar narrative also mentions the term "Kavala" as a derogatory term for those defeated in debate. The author refutes this, suggesting that "Kavala" is not an antonym of "Khartar" in the sense of victory and defeat but rather relates to softness or gentleness, and its connection to defeat is a fabrication.

7. Modern Khartar Practices:

   • The author highlights the continuation of these alleged deviations in modern Khartar practices, urging his community to recognize these differences and their historical basis.

Conclusion and Call to Action:

Gyansundar Maharaj concludes by emphasizing that the Khartar sect's origins are rooted in a distortion of history and scripture. He appeals to the Khartar community to reconsider their claims and to abandon the false narratives. He also urges the broader Jain community to study the provided evidence and to uphold the purity of Jain teachings and history. The book is presented as a historical inquiry aimed at clarifying the truth and preventing further misconceptions.