Kesariyaji Tirth Ka Itihas

The book "Kesariyaji Tirth Ka Itihas" (History of Kesariyaji Tirth) edited by Seth Chandanmal Nagori and published by Shri Sadgun Prasarak Mitra Mandal, is a comprehensive historical account of the renowned Jain pilgrimage site of Kesariyaji, also known as Rishabdev or Adinath. The book meticulously gathers ancient evidence and evidence from various sources to establish the identity, history, and significance of this holy place.

Key themes and content of the book:

• Location and Identification: The book details the geographical location of the Kesariyaji Tirth, situated in Dhulev village, Rajasthan, near Udaipur. It clarifies that the principal deity is Lord Rishabdev (Adinath), a black marble idol, approximately three feet high, in a seated posture. The name "Kesariyaji" is derived from the copious amount of saffron (kesar) offered by pilgrims, a practice that continues to this day.

• Temple Architecture and Age: The book delves into the history of the temple's construction. It presents inscriptions suggesting that the temple underwent renovations during the 14th and 15th centuries. Further inscriptions indicate that the main spire (shikhar) was completed in Vikram Samvat 1685 (1628 AD), and the "Bavan Jinalaya" (fifty-two small shrines) were consecrated in Samvat 1746 (1719 AD). The "Nau Chowki" (nine-pillared pavilion) in front of the temple is attributed to the inspiration of the Shvetambara Acharya Shri Jinabh Sūriji, dating to Samvat 1843 (1786 AD).

• Idol and its Origin: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the idol of Lord Rishabdev. It references the belief that the idol was brought from Vadod (ancient capital of Dungarpur state) in Gujarat. The book discusses the idol's ancientness and its miraculous nature, which draws numerous pilgrims. It also highlights that the idol was worshipped by both Hindus and Jains, with the Bhils referring to the deity as "Kalaji."

• Worship Practices and Rituals: The book elaborates on the elaborate worship practices at the temple. It describes the daily rituals, including bathing, anointing, offering saffron, flowers, and jewels. The practice of pilgrims offering saffron, sometimes by weighing themselves against it, is a significant aspect. The book also mentions the use of gold and silver vessels in the puja and the practice of devotees lying prostrate before the shrine.

• Scholarly Contributions and Evidence: The author relies on various historical texts, inscriptions, and gazetteers, including the Imperial Gazetteer of India, Indian Antiquary, and the "History of Mewar State" by G.H. Ojha. The book presents the evidence in detail, quoting inscriptions and scholarly opinions to support its historical narrative.

• Disputes and Ownership: A significant portion of the book addresses the historical disputes regarding the ownership and management of the temple, particularly between the Shvetambara and Digambara Jain communities. The author meticulously presents evidence such as inscriptions, royal decrees (parwanas), and historical accounts to assert that the temple and its management have predominantly been under the control of the Shvetambara community. The presence of Shvetambara Acharyas' idols, footfalls (paduka), and the manner of worship are presented as strong proofs.

• Royal Patronage: The book highlights the consistent patronage and support extended by the rulers of Mewar to the Jain community and its temples, including Kesariyaji. It mentions various decrees and grants issued by Mewar rulers like Maharana Kumbha, Maharana Pratap Singh, Maharana Raj Singh, Maharana Bhim Singh, Maharana Swarup Singh, Maharana Sajjan Singh, and Maharana Fateh Singh, showcasing the deep-rooted connection between the Mewar dynasty and Jainism.

• Historical Events and Challenges: The book recounts instances of external threats and internal conflicts faced by the temple. It describes attacks by invaders like Sadashivrao (Maratha) and the Mughal army, and the instances of internal strife between the Jain communities. The book details how the temple's sanctity was preserved through divine intervention and the timely actions of the Mewar rulers.

• Inscriptions and Literary Works: The text includes numerous inscriptions, some dating back to the 14th century, which are crucial in establishing the temple's history and the community's rights. It also references various Jain literary works, songs (lavani), hymns (stavan), and verses that praise the deity and describe the pilgrimage, further corroborating the Shvetambara association.

• Second Edition Additions: The preface to the second edition mentions the discovery of the Bhamashah's genealogy, which includes details about offerings and renovations at the Kesariyaji Tirth. This addition further strengthens the historical claims.

Overall Purpose:

The primary objective of "Kesariyaji Tirth Ka Itihas" is to present a factual and evidence-based historical account of the Kesariyaji Tirth. By meticulously compiling historical records and inscriptions, the author aims to:

• Establish the antiquity and identity of the temple and the idol.
• Demonstrate the long-standing association of the Shvetambara Jain community with the shrine.
• Highlight the historical patronage of the Mewar rulers towards Jainism.
• Provide a comprehensive understanding of the temple's architecture, worship, and the various events that have shaped its history.
• Address and refute any claims that might misrepresent the historical facts of this significant pilgrimage site.

The book serves as a valuable resource for understanding the rich history and cultural heritage of the Kesariyaji Tirth and its significance within the Jain tradition.