Kasaypahudam Part 14 - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Kasaypahudam Part 14" by Gundharacharya, with commentary by Fulchandra Jain Shastri and Kailashchandra Shastri, published by Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Sangh. The summary focuses on the content of the provided pages, particularly the introduction and the initial chapters discussing "Charitra Mohaniya Upshama" (Pacification of Conduct-Deluding Karma).

Book Title: Kasaypahudam Part 14 (कसाय पाहुडं भाग १४) Author(s): Gundharacharya, Fulchandra Jain Shastri, Kailashchandra Shastri Publisher: Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Sangh Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090226/1

Core Subject of Part 14: The primary focus of this part of Kasaypahudam, as indicated by the title and the introduction, is the detailed explanation of the pacification of Charitra Mohaniya Karma (Conduct-Deluding Karma). This is presented within the framework of the "Jayadhavala" commentary, which elaborates on the original "Kasaypahudam" text.

Key Concepts and Summary of Provided Content:

The provided text from "Kasaypahudam Part 14" primarily consists of the introductory sections, the table of contents (Vishay Suchi), and the beginning of the commentary which delves into the nature and classification of "Upshamana" (Pacification) of karmas.

Introduction and Publisher's Note:

Publication: The book is published by the Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Sangh, Mathura, and is a part of the extensive "Jayadhavala" commentary.
Historical Context: The introduction highlights the significance of "Kasaypahudam" as a foundational Jain scripture, predating even "Shatkhandagama." It mentions that Acharya Kundakunda drew inspiration from "Kasaypahudam" for his works like "Samaysara."
Jayadhavala: It explains that Jayadhavala, the commentary by Acharya Virasena on Acharya Virasena's "Dhavala" and "Mahadhavala" (which are themselves commentaries on Acharya Dharasen's "Shatkhandagama"), is being published in approximately 16 volumes. Part 14 is now being released, with previous parts having been completed. The Sangh expresses gratitude to donors for their financial support for these crucial publications.
Sangh's History: Page 4 provides a brief history of the Bharatvarshiya Digambar Jain Sangh, established in 1933 as "Shastrartha Sangh." Its initial focus was on public debates to defend Jain principles. Later, it shifted its focus to religious propagation and publishing, moving to Mathura. The publication of "Kasaypahudam" (Jayadhavala, Mahadhavala) in 16 volumes is highlighted as a major achievement, with the current volume being a re-publication of some of the remaining parts.

Content of the Commentary (Pages 6 onwards):

The commentary, beginning on page 6, starts by elaborating on the concept of Upshamana (Pacification) of karmas.

Definition of Upshamana: Upshamana is defined as the state of karmic matter remaining pacified without undergoing its results like fruition (udaya) or premature fruition (udveerna).
Two Types of Upshamana:
- Karana Upshamana (करणोपशामना): This is the pacification of karmic matter that occurs through the mind's states (parinama) – either righteous (prashasta) or unrighteous (apraśasta). It can also be understood as the pacification of the "Karanas" (means or processes like apakarshana, utkarshana, etc.) themselves, either through righteous or unrighteous means. The text explains it further: pacifying karmic matter through righteous or unrighteous thoughts (parinama) is Karana Upshamana. Alternatively, the pacification of the Karana processes themselves constitutes Karana Upshamana. It is achieved through the righteous pacification of the eight Karana processes (Upshamana, Nidhatti, Nikachana, Bandhana, Udveerna, Apakarshana, Utkarshana, Sankrama) or through the unrighteous pacification of processes like Apakarshana.
- Akarana Upshamana (अकरणोपशामना): This is the pacification that occurs without the involvement of the aforementioned Karana processes. It is the state where karmic matter whose fruition time has not yet arrived remains without fruition, independent of any specific mental processes. The text clarifies that this is the pacification of karmic matter that has not yet ripened for fruition (anudeerna), happening without the need for Karana processes. This is also called "Anudeerna Upshamana" (अनुदीर्णोपशामना).
Distinction from Shvetambara Text: The commentary notes a subtle difference between the Digambara and Shvetambara traditions regarding the cause of Akarana Upshamana. While Malayagiri (Shvetambara) attributes it to experiencing pain (vedana), the Digambara tradition, as presented here, focuses on the state of the karma itself rather than external causes. The text asserts that Malayagiri's view contradicts the Kasayaprahud commentary.
Subtypes of Karana Upshamana:
- Desha Karana Upshamana (देशकरणोपशामना): This is the pacification of a part of karmic matter (ekadesha karmapradesha) without undergoing fruition or undergoing fruition through specific processes, achieved through Karana processes like unrighteous pacification. The reason for this name is that some Karanas or some parts of karmic matter are pacified.
  - Alternative View: Some scholars believe this refers to the situation where, upon pacifying Darshan Mohaniya, some Karanas remain pacified while others do not. The text clarifies this by stating that in Darshan Mohaniya pacification, Apakarshana and Paraprakriti Sankrama Karanas remain unpacified, while the rest are pacified. This is termed Desha Karana Upshamana.
  - Another Perspective: It is also explained as the destruction of Apraśasta Upshamana, Nidhati, and Nikachana Karanas in the first moment of Anivartikaraṇa on the Upshama Shreni, leading to the possibility of new actions like Utkarshana.
  - Refutation of Contradiction: The commentary critiques interpretations that include Akarana Upshamana within Desha Karana Upshamana, finding them contradictory to the definition of Desha Karana Upshamana in Kasayaprahud.
- Sarva Karana Upshamana (सर्वकरणोपशामना): This refers to the pacification of all Karanas. It is the state where all eight Karana processes, after abandoning their specific activities, are pacified through righteous pacification. It is also called "Prashasta Karana Upshamana" (प्रशस्त करणोपशामना) as it is caused by pure results of the soul on the path to liberation. The commentary clarifies that this righteous Karana Upshamana pertains only to Mohaniya Karma, specifically Charitra Mohaniya, where all eight Karanas are pacified. For Darshan Mohaniya, even after pacification, Apakarshana and Sankrama Karanas continue, thus not achieving Sarva Karana Upshamana.
Detailed Classification of Upshamana: The text meticulously breaks down the process of pacification, detailing which karmas are subject to it (primarily Mohaniya Karma, specifically Charitra Mohaniya, excluding Mohaniya's Darshan Mohaniya and Anantadanubandhi). It then outlines the sequence of pacification for 21 specific karmas (like Napunsaka Veda, Stri Veda, the eight kashayas, and six nokashayas) during the ascent of the Upshamana Shreni.
Distinguishing Digambara and Shvetambara Views: The commentary engages with Shvetambara texts like "Karma Prakriti" and its commentary by Malayagiri, highlighting differences in terminology and philosophical interpretations, particularly concerning the concept of "Desha Karana Upshamana" and the authorial attribution of various commentaries. The text strongly asserts the Digambara perspective, often refuting or clarifying Shvetambara views by referencing original Agamas and commentaries.
Extensive Technical Vocabulary: The text is rich in Jain technical terms related to karma theory, including different types of Karanas, Gunasthanas (stages of spiritual progress), types of Nakshepas (depositions), and specific karmic conditions like Bandhavali, Udayavali, etc.

Overall Scope of Part 14 (Based on Introduction and Initial Pages):

This part of Jayadhavala, titled "Kasaypahudam Part 14," focuses on the Upshamana (pacification) aspect of Charitra Mohaniya Karma. It aims to systematically explain:

The definition and classification of Upshamana.
The two main types: Karana Upshamana and Akarana Upshamana.
The subtypes of Karana Upshamana: Desha Karana Upshamana and Sarva Karana Upshamana.
The detailed process and stages of pacifying various karmas, particularly Charitra Mohaniya, including the sequence of pacifying different types of Kashayas (anger, pride, deceit, greed) and Vedas (sex energies).
The distinctions and debates with other Jain traditions (implicitly or explicitly mentioning differences with Shvetambara views).

The introduction also serves as a historical note on the publication efforts of the Digambar Jain Sangh and the significance of this monumental work. The detailed breakdown of concepts and the engagement with differing interpretations highlight the depth and rigorous analytical approach of the Jayadhavala commentary.

This summary is based solely on the provided text, which focuses on the foundational concepts and the introduction to the classification of karma pacification. The later parts of the text would likely detail the specific processes of pacification for each karma and the associated spiritual implications.