Kasaypahudam Part 04 - Book Summary

The provided Jain text, "Kasaya Pahuda Part 04" (also known as Jayadhavalasahitam Kasayapahudam, Bhag 4), authored by Gundharacharya and commented on by Virasenacharya with churni sutras by Yativrishabhacharya, is a significant work within Digambara Jain philosophy. Published by Bharatiya Digambar Jain Sangha, this volume focuses on the "Thidi Vihatti" (स्थितिविभक्ति), which translates to the analysis of the "duration" or "state" of karmic bonds.

Here's a comprehensive summary of the text, based on the provided pages:

Overall Context and Significance:

Part of a Larger Work: This volume is the fourth part of the Kasaya Pahuda, which is a foundational text in Jain philosophy. It is accompanied by the extensive commentary "Jayadhavala" (जयधवला) by Virasenacharya, making it a deep dive into the intricacies of Jain metaphysics.
Focus on Karma Theory: The text is primarily concerned with the detailed analysis of the "Tirthadhikara" (तृतीयोऽधिकारः), specifically "Dwividhivitti" (द्विदिविहत्ती), which deals with the "state" or "duration" (sthiti) of karmic influxes and their various classifications.
Comprehensive Analysis: The "Thidi Vihatti" section systematically examines the duration of karmic bonds, particularly focusing on the Mohaniya (delusion) karma and its sub-categories.

Key Concepts and Chapters (as indicated by the summary and table of contents):

The text delves into various aspects of 'sthiti' (duration) through a framework of twenty-three 'anuyogadwaras' (categories of inquiry or analysis). These include:

Asthapada (अष्टपद): This refers to the basic classification of 'sthiti'.
- Asthapada (अष्टपद): The fundamental concept of duration.
- Dvidhihitti (द्विदिविहत्ती): The division into two types of duration.
- Bhujagar (भुजगार): A type of classification related to duration.
- Alpatara (अल्पतर): Another classification of duration.
- Avasthita (अवस्थित): A classification relating to remaining in a particular state.
- Avaktavya (अवक्तव्य): An ineffable or unclassifiable state.
Anuyogadwaras (अनुयोगद्वार): These are the twenty-three analytical categories used to examine 'sthiti'. The summary indicates a deep dive into these, including:
- Adhachchheda (अद्धाच्छेद): Division of duration (time). This is further broken down into 'jaghanya' (lowest) and 'utkrishta' (highest) periods.
- Sarvavibhaktivibhakti (सर्वविभक्ति-विभक्ति): Classification of all durations.
- Nosarvavibhaktivibhakti (नोसर्वविभक्ति-विभक्ति): Classification of durations that are not all-encompassing.
- Utkrishta Vibhakti (उत्कृष्ट विभक्ति): Highest duration.
- Anutkrishta Vibhakti (अनुत्कृष्ट विभक्ति): Not highest duration.
- Jaghanya Vibhakti (जघन्य विभक्ति): Lowest duration.
- Ajaghanya Vibhakti (अजघन्य विभक्ति): Not lowest duration.
- Sadivibhaktivibhakti (सादिविभक्ति-विभक्ति): Duration with a beginning.
- Anadivibhaktivibhakti (अनादिविभक्ति-विभक्ति): Duration without a beginning.
- Dhruva Vibhakti (ध्रुवविभक्ति): Fixed duration.
- Adhruva Vibhakti (अध्रुवविभक्ति): Unfixed duration.
- Ownership (स्वामित्व): Which soul possesses a particular duration.
- Time (काल): The duration itself.
- Difference/Interval (अंतर): The gap between states or durations.
- Bhangavichaya (भंगविचय): Analysis of different permutations or combinations of states.
- Pariman (परिमाण): Quantity or number.
- Kshetra (क्षेत्र): Space or location.
- Sparshan (स्पर्शन): Touch or contact.
- Bhava (भाव): State of being or disposition.
- Alpabahutva (अल्पबहुत्व): Relative multiplicity or scarcity.

Detailed Breakdown of Concepts (based on the summary):

Types of Sthiti: The text discusses two types of duration:
- The duration obtained at the time of bondage.
- The duration obtained through transitions like 'kandakghata' (काण्डकघात), 'sthiti-kandakghata' (स्थितिकाण्डकघात), and 'adhah-sthiti-galana' (अधः स्थितिगलना - downward gliding of duration).
Adhachchheda: This refers to the division of time. It is categorized into 'jaghanya' (one moment) and 'utkrishta' (up to 70 koti sagaropama for Mohaniya karma). The text explains the concept of 'abadha kala' (आबाधा काल - period of latency) which precedes the actual manifestation of karma.
Bhujagar, Appadara, Avasthita, Avaktavya: These are crucial classifications of 'sthiti' (duration) based on how the duration changes or is perceived:
- Bhujagar (भुजगार): When a soul's duration increases from a lesser state to a greater state.
- Appadara (अल्पतर): When a soul's duration decreases from a greater state to a lesser state.
- Avasthita (अवस्थित): When the duration remains the same despite potential changes or transmissions.
- Avaktavya (अवक्तव्य): A state of duration that is ineffable or cannot be clearly defined within these categories, often related to new formations after a period of inertness.
Cyclical Nature of Karma: The text implicitly discusses how karmic durations are influenced by the soul's movement through different states (e.g., rebirths, stages of spiritual development).
Detailed Analysis of Mohaniya Karma: The text specifically analyzes the 28 sub-categories of Mohaniya karma, discussing their durations in relation to these various anuyogadwaras. For instance, it details the utkrishta adhachchheda for different passions (kashayas) and their sub-categories.
Interplay of Different Factors: The text highlights how factors like 'samklesha' (संक्लेश - mental agitation/attachment) and 'vishuddhi' (विशुद्धि - purity of mind) influence the duration of karmas, and how 'bandha' (बन्ध - bondage) and 'sankrama' (संक्रमण - transition) affect it.
Specific Examples and Calculations: The text provides specific numerical values for durations (e.g., in units of sagaropama, palya, avali, moments) and discusses their relationships (e.g., 'koti sagaropama'). It explains how these durations are calculated based on the original state, the nature of the transition, and the causal factors involved.
Complex Relationships: The analysis is highly detailed, considering various pathways of karmic transmission, modification (like 'kandakghata'), and the subsequent states of duration.
Emphasis on Śrutakevali Knowledge: The commentary "Jayadhavala" itself is considered a supreme repository of Śrutakevali (those who possess all or most of the sacred knowledge) insights, and this volume reflects that depth.

Structure of the Text (as per the table of contents):

The detailed table of contents provided on pages 17-20 outlines the comprehensive structure of this section, covering:

Introduction to Bhujagar, Padnkshep, Vriddhi, and Sthitisatkarma.
Extensive analysis of 'Bhujagar' through 13 anuyogadwaras.
Detailed examination of 'Padnikshepa' through 3 anuyogadwaras.
In-depth discussion of 'Vriddhi' (increase in duration) through 13 anuyogadwaras.
Analysis of 'Sthitisatkarmasthan' (the places or causes of maintaining duration).
The text concludes with 'Alpabahutva' (relative scarcity or multiplicity) of these states and concepts.

Publisher and Editors:

The publication by Bharatiya Digambar Jain Sangha and the editorship by Pandit Phoolchandra Siddhantashastri and Pandit Kailashchandra Shastri Siddhantaratna indicate a commitment to preserving and disseminating the deep philosophical teachings of Jainism in their original form, with scholarly editing.

In essence, this volume is a profound exploration of the temporal aspects of karma in Jainism, meticulously dissecting the concept of 'sthiti' (duration) and its manifold influences on the soul's journey, primarily focusing on the intricacies of Mohaniya karma.