Kalpsutram Part 02

Here is a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, the "Kalpsutram Part 02," authored by Ghasilal Maharaj and published by A B Shwetambar Sthanakwasi Jain Shastroddhar Samiti:

This second part of the Kalpsutram, compiled by Tapasvi Muni Shri Madanlalji Maharaj and authored by Ghasilal Maharaj, focuses primarily on the "Tirthankar Abhishek" (Consecration of Tirthankaras) and other aspects of the lives and teachings of Tirthankaras, particularly Lord Mahavir.

Key Highlights and Themes:

• Tirthankar Abhishek (Pages 12-29):

  • The text meticulously details the divine celestial events that occur at the birth of a Tirthankara.
  • It describes the illumination of the three worlds, the celestial music and drumbeats, the cessation of suffering in the Naraka (hell) realm, the end of animosity, and showers of flowers and gold.
  • The arrival and actions of various celestial beings, including the eight Directions of Kumari (celestial maidens), who oversee the birth and initial care of the Tirthankara, are described in detail.
  • The text explains how these celestial beings prepare the birthplace and the divine infant, highlighting the purity and auspiciousness associated with a Tirthankara's birth.

• Indra's Role in the Birth Ceremony (Pages 27-59):

  • The narrative shifts to the role of Shakrendra (Indra), the king of the heavens.
  • The text describes how Shakrendra, upon learning of the Tirthankara's birth, descends from his celestial abode with immense grandeur.
  • He and his entourage engage in various rituals, including the auspicious bathing and adorning of the divine infant, emphasizing the universal reverence for a Tirthankara.
  • The description of the divine chariot and the elaborate procession underscores the celestial importance of the event.

• Lord Mahavir's Childhood and Education (Pages 118-149):

  • The text touches upon Lord Mahavir's childhood, mentioning his divine grace and auspicious signs.
  • It recounts how, despite his divine nature, he was sent to study under a learned teacher. The text highlights the irony and divine play in the omniscient Lord Mahavir learning from a mortal guru, emphasizing that even divine beings respect established worldly conventions.
  • It details the interaction between Lord Mahavir and the teacher, where the Lord demonstrates profound knowledge, leaving the teacher astonished and realizing the limitations of human learning compared to divine omniscience.

• Lord Mahavir's Renunciation and Early Asceticism (Pages 151-216, 217-253, 254-263, 272-309):

  • The text describes Lord Mahavir's renunciation of worldly possessions and his life as an ascetic.
  • It recounts the various hardships and obstacles he faced, including the torment inflicted by demons and animals, highlighting his unwavering equanimity and patience.
  • Specific instances of suffering caused by external forces (like wild animals, cruel humans) and internal ones (like hunger, thirst, cold) are narrated, emphasizing Lord Mahavir's mastery over his senses and his profound equanimity (Samabhava).

• Divine Intervention and Protection (Pages 254-263):

  • The narrative illustrates how celestial beings, like Indra, intervened to protect Lord Mahavir from harm, showcasing the divine support that surrounds a Tirthankara.
  • Indra's attempt to shield Mahavir from the snake Chandaushika's poison and his subsequent realization of Mahavir's inherent power and spiritual strength are detailed.

• Tapasya and Austerities (Pages 217-224, 264-309):

  • The text emphasizes the rigorous nature of Lord Mahavir's asceticism, including fasting (like the Shashtamahaparyushana), enduring harsh conditions, and practicing equanimity amidst suffering.

• Sainthood and the Role of Disciples (Pages 592-606, 607-616, 617-623, 623-640):

  • The text describes the qualities and conduct expected of Jain monks and nuns (Nirgranthas and Nirgranthinis), focusing on the importance of their external and internal conduct.
  • The necessity of a Muhapatti (mouth cloth) for protecting microscopic life is explained, highlighting the Jain principle of Ahimsa (non-violence).
  • The various categories of monks and their adherence to rules and regulations are discussed.

• Lord Mahavir's Teachings and Philosophy (Pages 498-591):

  • The text includes portions of Lord Mahavir's teachings, particularly his discourses on Dharma (righteousness) as explained to the council of the sixty-four Indras.
  • The emphasis on non-violence (Ahimsa), equanimity, and detachment is evident.
  • The text touches upon the philosophical debates and Lord Mahavir's ability to resolve doubts, citing the example of his discourse with Indrabhuti Gautama, Agnibhuti, Vayubhuti, Vyakt, Mandita, Maurya Putra, Akampita, Achalabhraata, Metarya, Prabhas, and finally, his first Ganhara, Indrabhuti, to whom he revealed the eighteen categories of knowledge.

• The Life Stories of Other Tirthankaras (Pages 776-875):

  • A significant portion of the text is dedicated to narrating the life stories (Charitra) of other Tirthankaras, from Rishabhadeva to Mahavir.
  • For each Tirthankara, details such as their birthplace, parents, lifespan, princely period, period of asceticism, time of Kevala Jnana (omniscience), Nirvana, physical attributes (like height, color), key disciples (Ganadharas), chief female disciples (Ganadharaņis), ruling deities, and lifespan of their reign are provided. This section demonstrates the cyclical nature of time in Jain cosmology, with Tirthankaras appearing in different epochs.

• The Importance of Conduct (Sadachar) (Pages 323-388, 630-641):

  • The text emphasizes the strict adherence to conduct and discipline for ascetics. This includes details on daily routines, dietary regulations, and the manner of carrying sacred objects like the Rajo-haran (broom) and Patra (alms bowl).
  • The importance of maintaining purity and non-violence in every action is paramount.

• The Role of Devotion and Faith (Pages 358-378):

  • The story of Chandanbala, a devoted follower, highlights the significance of faith and perseverance in overcoming adversity and receiving divine grace. Her steadfast devotion despite suffering led to the manifestation of divine occurrences.

• Compilations and Commentary:

  • The publication details mention that the text includes "Samshabdartha Kalpasutram" by Acharya Ghasilal Maharaj, and a compilation of "General Principles and Tirthankar Charitra up to Mahavir" by Tapasvi Munishri Madanlalji Maharaj.

Overall Significance:

This part of the Kalpasutram serves as a foundational text for Shwetambar Jains, offering a detailed account of the birth and early life of Tirthankaras, especially Lord Mahavir. It highlights the divine attributes of Tirthankaras, the celestial support they receive, the rigorous path of asceticism, and the meticulous adherence to Jain conduct. The inclusion of the lives of other Tirthankaras provides a broader perspective on the Jain Tirthankara tradition and the cyclical nature of spiritual enlightenment. The text emphasizes purity, non-violence, and equanimity as central tenets of the Jain faith.