Jivdaya Ane Mans Khavani Manai

This Jain text, titled "Jivdaya ane Mans Khavani Manai" (Compassion for Living Beings and Prohibition of Meat Eating), authored by Miss Pila Bhikhaji Makati and published by Jivdaya Mandali in 1924, argues strongly against the consumption of meat. The book, presented as a religious and moral treatise, aims to persuade readers, particularly the Parsi community, to adopt a vegetarian diet based on principles of compassion, health, and religious teachings.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and arguments presented in the text:

Core Message:

The central message is a fervent plea for compassion towards all living beings and a prohibition against eating meat. The author believes that abstaining from meat is a fundamental aspect of a virtuous life and a path to spiritual well-being.

Arguments Against Meat Consumption:

• Religious and Ethical Foundation:

  • The book emphasizes that compassion (Jivdaya) is the root of all religions.
  • It quotes Parsi religious texts (Avesta) that advocate for the protection and care of animals, particularly "Gaospada" (domesticated animals). The translation highlights the respect and effort owed to these creatures, who provide sustenance.
  • The author argues that causing harm to innocent creatures is a grave sin, equivalent to or even greater than injustices committed by tyrannical rulers.
  • The text draws parallels with other religions and philosophies, citing figures like Pythagoras and Lord Buddha who advocated for vegetarianism.

• Health and Well-being:

  • The book asserts that fresh vegetables and fruits are the natural and pure food for humans, containing essential minerals and life force.
  • It claims that a vegetarian diet enhances digestion, increases physical strength, purifies blood, and benefits the brain and nervous system.
  • The author contrasts the perceived negative health impacts of meat consumption with the benefits of a plant-based diet, suggesting that meat can lead to diseases and a disturbed temperament.
  • The text mentions medical opinions (though not explicitly detailed) that link meat consumption to various ailments.

• Nature of Animals:

  • The book highlights that animals possess feelings, intellect, and emotions similar to humans, including joy, sorrow, fear, affection, and jealousy.
  • It argues that animals have memory, reasoning ability, and even the capacity to learn and imitate, demonstrating their sentience and right to humane treatment.
  • The author refutes the idea that animals are merely "lower" beings, emphasizing their essential role in human life and their inherent value.

• Historical and Philosophical Perspectives:

  • The text refers to historical figures and traditions that promoted vegetarianism, such as yogis in ancient times who sustained themselves on fruits.
  • It discusses the Parsi belief that their scriptures may permit meat eating, but suggests that this interpretation is flawed or incomplete. The author references Colonel Olcott's views on the importance of studying the Vedas to understand ancient scriptures, implying that a deeper study would reveal the prohibition of meat.
  • The book also cites examples from literature and history to illustrate the virtues of compassion and the consequences of cruelty.

• Social and Moral Implications:

  • The author criticizes meat-eaters as being inherently cruel and lacking in justice and empathy.
  • The text emphasizes that acts of compassion, even towards animals, are rewarded, while cruelty leads to negative consequences, both in this life and the next.
  • It encourages readers to reflect on the suffering of animals destined for slaughter and to empathize with their plight.

Specific Points and Examples:

• Parsi Religious Context: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to arguing that Zoroastrianism, like Hinduism, prohibits meat consumption, attempting to counter a common perception within the Parsi community.
• Vegetarianism as a Solution: The book presents vegetarianism as a solution to various problems, including moral degradation, physical ailments, and disharmony with nature.
• Personal Accounts and Anecdotes: The author shares stories of animals displaying loyalty and intelligence, such as the loyalty of dogs and horses, to highlight their emotional capacity and their right to be treated with kindness.
• Critique of Modern Practices: The text criticizes practices like the consumption of eggs, stating that it is akin to killing the offspring of birds. It also condemns the unnecessary suffering inflicted on animals for pleasure or sport.
• Call to Action: The book urges readers to reject meat consumption, adopt a vegetarian diet, and actively promote compassion towards all living beings.

Overall Tone and Approach:

The book is written with a passionate and persuasive tone. It employs religious arguments, scientific reasoning (as understood at the time), ethical appeals, and anecdotal evidence to build a strong case for vegetarianism. The author's primary goal is to awaken a sense of compassion in the reader and inspire a change in dietary habits for the betterment of individuals and society.