Jainism A Way Of Life

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided text from "Jainism: A Way of Life" by B.P. Wadia, focusing on the key themes and arguments presented:

The text argues that in the post-war world, characterized by a decline in individual initiative and dignity, a "way of life" religion is desperately needed. It criticizes modern society for allowing the state to dictate individual welfare and laments the loss of personal liberty, attributing it to a false attitude towards religion, which has become overly ritualistic and separated from daily life. The author posits that true religious reformation comes not from religious authorities but from individuals actively living by the core precepts of their faith.

The book identifies Jainism, alongside Buddhism, as a creed possessing the essential elements for individuals to become truly religious. The core argument is that Jainism's teachings are not merely philosophical concepts but practical tools for living a better life, applicable even in modern times.

The central tenet of Jainism highlighted is Ahiṁsā (Non-Violence), which is presented as the highest religion. The text elaborates on Ahimsa, stating it's not just the absence of violence but the absence of attachment and passions that lead to violence. It emphasizes that Jainism offers a technique for becoming non-violent, a practical approach that the world, despite its appreciation for figures like Gandhiji, needs. The author stresses that this practice should be demonstrated by lay Jains in their everyday lives, transforming their homes into spaces where the teachings of the Tirthankaras can radiate.

Another crucial aspect of Jainism discussed is its rejection of an anthropomorphic personal God. This rejection, according to Wadia, prevents the debasement of moral propensities through dependence on a divine being. Instead, Jainism emphasizes the potential for humans to become Perfect and Immortal God-Men (Tirthankaras) by conquering ignorance and passion. The Tirthankaras are presented as examples of what humanity can achieve. The author encourages Jains to recognize the Tirthankaras as living forces who can help humanity, advocating for a deeper understanding of their role.

The text points out that while the Jain community is known for its wealth and charitable activities, it needs to go further by actively living the Dharma in homes and workplaces, not just through monasticism. This living should involve the active, vital power emanating from pious individuals who practice the Jaina philosophy.

A significant portion of the text is dedicated to the battle against the lower, violent self. This inner war is against vices like anger, pride, deceit, and greed, with pride being identified as the root of many vices. The text emphasizes that true victory lies not in conquering external foes but in conquering oneself. This self-conquest is achieved through the higher nature, which embodies Ahimsa, and is supported by wisdom (Jnana and Darsana).

The author acknowledges the difficulty of this inner struggle, noting that the force of violence in our lower nature often leads to violence against others – in deeds, words, emotions, and thoughts. Jainism's response to this, as outlined in texts like the Dasa-Vaikālika Niryūkti, is to resist without resisting, subduing negative impulses with positive virtues like forgiveness, humbleness, honesty, and contentment.

The power of speech is also highlighted as a potent source of violence and, therefore, needs to be used thoughtfully and ethically. The text warns against using religious lore for selfish ends, emphasizing that mere talk or philosophical disputation without practice does not lead to salvation.

The conclusion reiterates that the true Jaina is one who actively engages in this "Holy War" against their lower self, regardless of their birth or adherence to outer rituals. True adherence lies in practicing the Dharma and developing right faith through knowledge and devotion. The text asserts that householders and housewives can and should attain spiritual heights by integrating the Jaina way of life into their daily obligations.

In essence, "Jainism: A Way of Life" advocates for a revival of true religious practice, emphasizing the transformative power of Ahimsa and self-conquest as taught by Jainism. It calls for individuals to embody these principles in their everyday lives, thereby contributing to a more peaceful and ethical world.