Jain Veero Ka Itihas

Here's a comprehensive summary of "Jain Veero ka Itihas" (The History of Jain Heroes) by Kamtaprasad Jain, based on the provided text:

Overall Purpose and Theme:

"Jain Veero ka Itihas" aims to correct a misconception that Jainism fosters cowardice. The book argues that, on the contrary, Jainism is inherently a religion of victory and its history is replete with individuals who displayed immense bravery, both spiritually and physically. The author seeks to highlight these "Jain heroes" to instill pride and a sense of martial and moral strength within the Jain community.

Key Arguments and Concepts:

• The Meaning of "Jain": The book emphasizes that the very name "Jain" originates from "Jin," meaning "conqueror." This signifies that Jainism is a path of victory, achieved by conquering inner enemies like passion, anger, ego, and greed (rāgādi).
• Spiritual and Physical Bravery: Jainism emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body and soul. True bravery in Jainism encompasses both the conquest of internal desires (spiritual bravery) and the defense of righteousness and community through action (physical bravery). The text asserts that a strong physique (like Vajra Rishabh Narāch Sanhanan) is even a prerequisite for liberation.
• Historical Misconception: The author laments that Jainism has been wrongly perceived as promoting passivity and cowardice, particularly in modern times. This perception, he argues, stems from a disconnect from the heroic examples in Jain history.
• Correcting the Narrative: The primary goal is to reintroduce the heroic figures of Jainism to the community, thereby rehabilitating the image of Jainism and inspiring current Jains.
• The Scope of "Heroes": The book covers a vast historical period, from ancient times to the 15th-16th centuries, showcasing Jain heroes from various backgrounds and regions of India.

Key Figures and Historical Periods Mentioned (Illustrative Examples):

The book is structured chronologically and geographically, highlighting numerous Jain heroes. Some prominent examples and periods covered include:

• Ancient Times:
  • Lord Rishabhdev: The first Tirthankar, described as a progenitor of civilization, who taught societal structure, professions, and even warfare.
  • Tirthankaras Shantinath, Kunthunath, and Arishenemi: The 16th, 17th, and 22nd Tirthankaras are presented as having exhibited kingly prowess and leadership, with Arishenemi fighting in the Mahabharata war.
  • Lord Mahavir: His life and teachings are discussed, emphasizing his lineage from warrior Kshatriya clans and his followers who were also powerful rulers and warriors like Chetak (President of the Vajji Republic) and Shrenik Bimbisar (Magadha Emperor). The text highlights Chetak's leadership and Shrenik's role in strengthening the Magadha empire and repelling foreign invasions. The book also discusses the bravery of Mahavir's disciples like Udayan and Jivandhar.
• Mauryan and Nanda Empires:
  • Nanda Dynasty: Several Nanda kings are presented as Jain, including Nandivardhana, who is credited with significant military campaigns and repelling Persian invasions. Mahananda and Mahapadma are also mentioned as powerful rulers.
  • Mauryan Dynasty: Chandragupta Maurya is strongly asserted to be a Jain, with evidence from later Jain texts and inscriptions. His military prowess against Greek rulers like Alexander's successors (Seleucus) and his empire's vastness are highlighted. His son Bindusara and grandson Ashoka are also mentioned in relation to Jainism, though Ashoka's later Buddhist leanings are implicitly acknowledged. Samprati Maurya is also presented as a prominent Jain ruler who expanded Jainism's influence.
• Post-Maurya and Gupta Eras:
  • Samrat Kharvel of Kalinga: A significant figure, described as a powerful conqueror and devout Jain, who restored Jainism and its religious sites. He is lauded for his military campaigns and patronage of Jainism.
  • Foreign Rulers Embracing Jainism: The book mentions foreign rulers who adopted Jainism, highlighting its universal appeal, such as the Greek King Menander (though his Jain identity is debated, the text suggests a connection).
  • Samrat Vikramaditya: Presented as a former Shaivite who later embraced Jainism, known for his justice and for driving out the Shakas.
  • Andhra Dynasty Rulers: Kings like Shatakarni and Hala are discussed in the context of Jainism.
  • Pushyamitra (of Bulandshahar) and Vallabhi Kings: Rulers who were patrons of Jainism are mentioned.
• Medieval Period (Gujarat, Rajasthan, South India):
  • Solanki Dynasty: Kings like Kumarapala are highlighted as powerful Jain rulers who, despite their faith in Ahimsa, were formidable warriors. His conversion and subsequent military achievements are detailed.
  • Vaghela Dynasty: Ministers like Vastupala and Tejapala are lauded for their administrative skills, military prowess, and significant contributions to Jain architecture and literature.
  • Chauhan and Rathore Rulers: Heroes like Baha Pahal and Dhaval are mentioned for their martial and religious contributions.
  • Paramara Dynasty: Kings like Bhoja and Naravarman are discussed in relation to their patronage of Jainism.
  • Ganga Dynasty: Figures like Marasingha and Senapati Chamundaraya are praised for their military achievements and patronage.
  • Hoysala Dynasty: Rulers and ministers like Vishnuvardhana, Narasimha Deva, and Gangara-Huna are presented as significant Jain patrons and warriors.
  • Rashtrakuta Dynasty: King Amoghavarsha is mentioned as a devout Jain ruler.
• Notable Warriors and Ministers: Beyond rulers, the book features many ministers and commanders like Bhamashah, Ashashah, Dhanraj, Amarchand Diwan, and Veer Suhriddhwaj, who displayed exceptional bravery and loyalty, often supporting Jain causes or rulers.
• Jain Heroines: The book also briefly mentions female figures like Kharvel's wife, Bhairavadevi, Saviyavve, and Jakkamche who demonstrated bravery and devotion to Jainism.

Author's Intent and Message:

Kamtaprasad Jain explicitly states his intention is to uplift the Jain community by reminding them of their rich heritage of bravery. He believes that by studying these "Jain heroes," the community can shed its perceived timidity and reclaim its rightful place of honor and strength. The book serves as a call to action for Jains to reconnect with their martial and spiritual valor.

In essence, "Jain Veero ka Itihas" is a historical and ideological work that seeks to re-establish the image of Jainism as a religion of courage and martial valor, backed by extensive historical evidence and a passionate plea to the Jain community to remember and emulate their heroic ancestors.