Jain Tirthono Itihas - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Jain Tirthono Itihas" by Nyayavijay, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Jain Tirthono Itihas (History of Jain Pilgrimage Sites) Author: Muni Shree Nyayavijayji (Triputi) Publisher: Shree Jain Sahitya Fund, Surat Publication Year: V.S. 2005 / V.S. 2475 / 1949 CE Edition: First Edition, 500 copies

Overall Purpose: The book aims to provide a comprehensive historical account of Jain pilgrimage sites, offering detailed information about their significance, history, current status, and practical travel details for pilgrims. The author, Muni Nyayavijayji, draws upon his personal travels and extensive research to present this information in a detailed and engaging manner.

Key Themes and Content:

The Importance of Pilgrimage: The text emphasizes the significance of visiting holy sites (Tirthas) in Jainism, considering them essential for spiritual progress and the purification of the soul. It notes that pilgrimage is a common practice across various religions.
Definition of Tirthas: The text discusses the Jain concept of Tirthas, including sites associated with the Kalyanaka (auspicious life events) of Tirthankaras, places visited by Tirthankaras and great ascetics, and naturally beautiful or spiritually charged locations. It distinguishes between Sthavar (stationary) and Jangam (moving) Tirthas, with the latter referring to the Jain Sangha and the sacred scriptures (Jinvani).
Historical Context: The book acknowledges the disruptions and cessations (vicched) in the continuity of certain Tirthas throughout history, highlighting the need for their revival and preservation. It notes the emergence of new Tirthas in modern times while emphasizing the continued importance of traditional ones, especially those linked to Kalyanaka sites.
Inspiration for the Book: The author was inspired by earlier writings on "Kalyanak-bhumis" and pilgrimage narratives found in Jain periodicals, prompting him to compile a more comprehensive work. He personally visited many of these sites to gather firsthand information.
Scope and Structure: The book covers a vast geographical area, detailing Tirthas across various regions of India, including Saurashtra, Kutch, Gujarat, Rajasthan (Marwar, Malwa, Mewar), South India, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Eastern India (Bengal, Bihar, Odisha). It also dedicates a section to Tirthas that have faced disruptions or are no longer actively maintained ("Vichchhed Teerth").
Detailed Information: For each Tirth, the book provides information such as:
- Location and nearby railway stations/transport links.
- History of the Tirth, including its founding, significance, and historical events.
- Details of the main deity (Tirthanayaka Bhagwan).
- Descriptions of the temples, their architecture, and notable features.
- Information about important Udharaks (those who restored or rebuilt temples), particularly patrons like ministers, kings, and wealthy merchants.
- Mention of historical inscriptions and ancient landmarks.
- Details of recent developments and renovations, especially post-Indian independence, noting significant changes.
- Specific focus on major Tirthas like Shatrunjay and Girnar, providing extensive historical accounts, renovation details, and legends associated with them.
- Shatrunjay: The book dedicates a significant portion to Shatrunjay, detailing its antiquity, the numerous restorations by various historical figures (from Bharata Chakravarti to modern patrons like Sheth Anandji Kalyanji), the significance of its various peaks (Tunks), the management by Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi, the meticulous upkeep of facilities for pilgrims, and the spiritual environment.
- Girnar: The history of Girnar is also extensively covered, including its association with Tirthankara Neminath, the importance of the steps (payare), various temples, and the geological and spiritual significance of the mountain.
- Other Prominent Tirthas: The book details numerous other significant Tirthas like Shankheshwar, Palitana (detailed Shatrunjay information), Taranga Hill, Kutch region (Bhadreshwar, Anjar, Naliya, Kotara), Gujarat (Shankheshwar, Patan, Modhera), Rajasthan (Delvada, Ranakpur, Abu), Maharashtra (Kulpakji, Antarikshji, Muktagiri), and others.
- Architectural Marvels: The text highlights the intricate artistry and architectural brilliance of Jain temples, especially the marble carvings and sculptors at Dilwara temples (Abu) and Shatrunjay.
Socio-Economic Context: The book touches upon the role of wealthy patrons (Sheths, Sanghapatis) in funding and undertaking large-scale restoration projects, showcasing their devotion and contribution to Jain heritage. It also mentions the efforts of Jain organizations in managing Tirthas and providing facilities.
Practical Travel Information: While primarily historical, the book also implicitly provides practical information for pilgrims, such as geographical locations, accessibility, and the need for awareness of local conditions.
Dating and Historical Accuracy: The author attempts to provide historical context, referencing V.S. (Vikram Samvat) and CE dates, and noting when information comes from ancient texts or inscriptions. The inclusion of details about renovations and the management by Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi reflects changes over centuries.
Dedicaton: The book is dedicated to Pujya Pad Ganivarya Shree Mulchandji M., recognizing his contribution to Jainism.
Inspirations and Acknowledgements: The author expresses gratitude to individuals like Shri Kesharichand Hirachand Zaveri for their inspiration and financial support, and acknowledges the role of various Jain periodicals and publications in compiling the information.

Key Takeaway: "Jain Tirthono Itihas" is a monumental work that serves as an encyclopedic guide to Jain pilgrimage sites in India. It blends historical narratives, religious significance, architectural descriptions, and practical travel insights, making it an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the history and geography of Jainism in India. The book reflects a deep reverence for the Tirthas and the dedication of the Jain community in preserving and propagating their sacred heritage.