Jain Shiddhanta Pathmala

This Jain text, "Jain Shiddhanta Pathmala" by Saubhagyachandra, published by Ajaramar Jain Vidyashala, is a foundational compilation of key Jain principles and scriptures. The book is presented with Sanskrit annotations and includes the complete text of the Dashavaikalika Sutra and Uttaraadhyayana Sutra, along with the Bhaktamara Stotra and Pucchikunam (likely referring to the Pucchikunam section of the Kalpa Sutra or similar), and the Tattvartha Adhigama Sutra with its original text.

The preface and introductory remarks, written by Muni Nanachandraji, highlight the institution's commitment to making Jain scriptures accessible. The book aims to provide an accessible spiritual resource, particularly for those with an interest in Sanskrit. The compiler expresses gratitude to Muni Nanachandraji for his guidance and support, and to the press manager for his cooperation in bringing out this valuable publication. The "Prasangik Vaktavya" (Relevant Statement) by Muni Nanachandraji details his personal journey of compiling these texts, emphasizing the spiritual and ethical lessons embedded within the scriptures, especially the concepts of detachment and renunciation. He explains that the inclusion of Sanskrit commentary ("Chhaya") enhances the text's utility for those learning Sanskrit. He also addresses grammatical nuances, noting that some scholars identify the scriptural language as Ardhamagadhi, which deviates from standard Prakrit rules, and acknowledges the possibility of minor corrections in the original text based on established printed editions. A "Shuddhi-patrak" (Correction Sheet) is included to rectify printing errors.

The book then delves into the core texts:

• Dashavaikalika Sutra: The initial chapters presented are from this scripture.
  • Drumapushpika Adhyayana: The first chapter discusses the nature of a monk's life, comparing it to a bee collecting nectar from flowers without harming them. It emphasizes detachment from worldly possessions and the cultivation of a pure mind.
  • Shramanapoorvaka Adhyayana: The second chapter focuses on the importance of renouncing worldly desires, such as clothing, perfumes, decorations, women, and comfortable lodgings. It defines a true renunciate as one who is not attached to these things and can let go of them freely. It also highlights the spiritual practice of cultivating detachment and equanimity.
  • Chullaka Charakatha Adhyayana: The third chapter details the conduct of a novice monk (Chullaka), emphasizing non-violence, adherence to rules, and virtuous living. It outlines specific prohibitions related to accepting food, using certain objects, and engaging in actions that could harm living beings.
  • Sajeevanika Adhyayana: The fourth chapter is a detailed discourse on the six classes of living beings (Jeeva Kaya) – Earth-bodied, Water-bodied, Fire-bodied, Air-bodied, Plant-bodied, and Mobile beings (including those with one, two, three, four, and five senses). It stresses the principle of non-violence (Ahimsa) towards all living beings, emphasizing the importance of not harming them, either directly or indirectly, through one's thoughts, speech, or actions. The text outlines the five great vows (Mahavratas) of Jainism as the foundation of this principle.
  • Pindeshana Adhyayana: The fifth chapter deals with the principles of collecting alms (Pindeshana) for monks. It outlines the rules and etiquette for begging, emphasizing the importance of seeking alms that are pure and free from the five transgressions (Nigraha Doshas). It stresses the need for careful observation and acceptance of pure food and resources, avoiding anything that might cause harm to living beings. It also covers the conduct of monks while seeking alms and accepting food.
  • Dharmartha Kama Adhyayana: The sixth chapter discusses the interconnectedness of Dharma (righteousness), Artha (wealth), and Kama (desire), and how to pursue them ethically. It emphasizes that true happiness lies in controlling desires and following the path of Dharma, ultimately leading to liberation.
  • Suvakya Shuddhi Adhyayana: The seventh chapter focuses on the purity of speech (Vak Shuddhi), emphasizing the importance of speaking truthfully, kindly, and constructively. It warns against gossip, slander, harsh words, and meaningless talk, advocating for speech that is beneficial and contributes to spiritual progress.
  • Achar Pranidhi Adhyayana: The eighth chapter deals with conduct (Achar) and the importance of following the prescribed path of Jain practice. It highlights the need for self-control, discipline, and adherence to the principles of Jainism in all aspects of life.
  • Vinaya Samadhi Adhyayana: The ninth chapter emphasizes the significance of humility and respect (Vinaya) in spiritual growth. It stresses the importance of respecting elders, teachers, and fellow practitioners, and how humility leads to inner peace and spiritual progress.
  • Bhikkhu Adhyayana: The tenth chapter discusses the conduct and duties of a monk (Bhikkhu), outlining the path to spiritual liberation through asceticism, self-control, and devotion to the teachings of the Jinas.
  • Bahushruta Pooja Adhyayana: The eleventh chapter is dedicated to the reverence and respect due to learned scholars (Bahushruta) and those who have deep knowledge of the scriptures. It highlights their role in guiding the spiritual path and the importance of seeking their wisdom.
  • Harikeshiya Adhyayana: The twelfth chapter narrates the story of Harikeshi, an ascetic who, despite his humble origins, attained spiritual enlightenment through his dedication and devotion. It emphasizes that spiritual realization depends on inner purity and practice, not on caste or social status.
  • Chitta Sambhutiya Adhyayana: The thirteenth chapter explores the nature of the mind (Chitta) and the importance of controlling it to achieve spiritual liberation. It stresses the need to overcome worldly desires and attachments to attain inner peace and enlightenment.
  • Ishuvariya Adhyayana: The fourteenth chapter discusses the transient nature of worldly existence and the importance of pursuing spiritual knowledge and practice to overcome the cycle of birth and death.
  • Akama Maraniya Adhyayana: The fifteenth chapter, "Akama Maraniya," delves into the concept of voluntary and involuntary death, emphasizing that true liberation comes from spiritual discipline and overcoming the fear of death.
  • Chullaka Nigranthiya Adhyayana: The sixteenth chapter, "Chullaka Nigranthiya," likely discusses the conduct and practices of novice ascetics, further elaborating on the principles of detachment and self-discipline.
  • Pashamaniya Adhyayana: The seventeenth chapter, "Pashamaniya," likely deals with overcoming desires and attachments, which are seen as hindrances to spiritual progress.
  • Sanjatiyam Adhyayana: The eighteenth chapter, "Sanjatiyam," probably discusses the path of a householder (Sanjati) who adheres to Jain principles within worldly life.
  • Mrugaputriya Adhyayana: The nineteenth chapter, "Mrugaputriya," narrates the story of a prince who renounces worldly pleasures for spiritual pursuit, highlighting the theme of renunciation and the pursuit of true happiness.
  • Mahanigranthiya Adhyayana: The twentieth chapter, "Mahanigranthiya," focuses on the conduct of great ascetics (Mahanigranthas), emphasizing their detachment, austerity, and spiritual discipline.
  • Samudrapaliya Adhyayana: The twenty-first chapter, "Samudrapaliya," likely tells the story of a devoted follower who overcomes worldly obstacles and achieves spiritual progress through steadfastness and devotion.
  • Rathnemiya Adhyayana: The twenty-second chapter, "Rathnemiya," likely recounts the story of Rathnemi, a prominent figure in Jain tradition, and his spiritual journey.
  • Keshigautamiya Adhyayana: The twenty-third chapter, "Keshigautamiya," narrates a dialogue or discourse involving Keshigautama, a disciple of Lord Mahavira, and likely Lord Mahavira himself, discussing profound spiritual truths.
  • Samitiya Adhyayana: The twenty-fourth chapter, "Samitiya," explains the five cardinal virtues or restraints (Samitis) that guide the conduct of Jain monks and nuns, essential for preventing harm to living beings.
  • Yajniya Adhyayana: The twenty-fifth chapter, "Yajniya," discusses the concept of sacrifice or righteous action (Yajna) from a Jain perspective, contrasting it with Vedic rituals and emphasizing inner purification over external ceremonies.
  • Samachari Adhyayana: The twenty-sixth chapter, "Samachari," outlines the code of conduct (Achara) for Jain ascetics, detailing their daily practices, duties, and ethical principles.
  • Kramaprakriti Adhyayana: The thirty-third chapter, "Kramaprakriti," likely explains the nature and classification of karmas (Karma) in Jainism, including their influx, bondage, fruition, and eventual shedding.
  • Tapo Marga Adhyayana: The thirtieth chapter, "Tapo Marga," elaborates on the significance and types of austerities (Tapas) as a means to purify the soul and achieve liberation.
  • Jeeva Ajiva Vibhaga Adhyayana: The thirty-sixth chapter, "Jeeva Ajiva Vibhaga," provides a detailed classification of souls (Jeeva) and non-souls (Ajiva) in Jain philosophy, explaining their characteristics, states, and interactions within the universe.

The book serves as a comprehensive guide to fundamental Jain teachings, covering ethics, philosophy, and the path to spiritual liberation. It aims to be a valuable resource for Jain scholars, practitioners, and students seeking to deepen their understanding of the faith.