Jain Jatiyo Ka Prachin Sachitra Itihas

This is a summary of the Jain text "Jain Jatiyo ka Prachin Sachitra Itihas" by Gyansundar, specifically focusing on the provided pages which detail the lineage of Acharyas after Bhagwan Parshvanath and the establishment of various Jain traditions and practices.

The text, a part of the "Shree Ratnabhakar Gyanpushpamala" series, delves into the history of Jain communities, tracing their lineage and philosophical developments through the succession of spiritual leaders (Acharyas) after the Mahaparinirvana of Bhagwan Parshvanath.

Key figures and events covered in these pages:

• Post-Parshvanath Era: Following Bhagwan Parshvanath's attainment of Moksha, the text describes a period of spiritual darkness. The Jain Sangha appointed Acharya Shubhadatta as the first successor. He was a learned scholar who propagated the Jain teachings and later attained Moksha at Siddhachala.
• Acharya Haridatta: Succeeding Acharya Shubhadatta, Acharya Haridatta is highlighted for his profound knowledge and adherence to the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence). He engaged in debates with other religious sects, notably the Lohitacharya, championing Jainism's ancient origins and its non-violent philosophy. His efforts led to conversions and strengthened the Jain faith. He eventually attained Moksha at Vaibharagiri.
• Acharya Aryasamudra: He continued the propagation of Jainism, facing challenges from those who practiced animal sacrifice. His disciples, including Lohitgami, spread Jainism across various regions, notably South India, weakening the influence of Vedic rituals.
• Acharya Keshishraman: A significant figure who further revitalized Jainism. He addressed internal schisms within the Sangha and the rise of Buddhism. His disciples were instrumental in spreading Jain principles, and he is credited with reinforcing the strict tenets of Jainism, which were becoming difficult for worldly people to follow. He also played a role in the eventual acceptance of Jainism by many, including those who were previously influenced by Buddhism.
• Bhagwan Mahavir's Advent: The text then introduces the coming of Bhagwan Mahavir, describing his birth, asceticism, and enlightenment. His teachings of Ahimsa are presented as a unifying force that brought peace and order, leading many, including kings and a large population, to embrace Jainism.
• Acharya Swayamprabhsurishri: Following Bhagwan Mahavir, Acharya Swayamprabhsurishri emerged as a prominent Acharya. He is noted for his efforts to spread Jainism in the desert regions (Marwad), countering the influence of Vamamargis (left-hand path practitioners). He successfully debated and refuted the practices of animal sacrifice, leading to large-scale conversions to Jainism, including the establishment of the "Shreemal" community.
• Acharya Ratnabhaprishri: The narrative then details the contributions of Acharya Ratnabhaprishri, also known as Ratnachuda. He traveled extensively, including to Upakeshpur (modern Osian). He faced challenges from the local population, who were primarily followers of Vamamarga, and successfully transformed them into Jain followers. He ordained many, including the Vidyadhar Ratnachuda, and established the "Kankarchuda" lineage. His efforts led to the establishment of Jain temples and the spread of Jain principles. The text mentions his miraculous abilities, including the creation of a statue of Bhagwan Mahavir through divine intervention.
• The Establishment of Upakeshpur and the Shreemal/Porwad Communities: The text details the founding of the city of Upakeshpur (later known as Osian) by Prince Upladeva, aided by minister Uhada. This event marked a significant turning point, leading to the formation of the Shreemal and later Porwad communities. The conversion of these communities was a major achievement, strengthening the Jain presence in the region.
• Debates and Religious Discourse: The text extensively covers the intellectual and philosophical debates initiated by the Acharyas, particularly Acharya Ratnabhaprishri, with proponents of other faiths, including Vedic rituals and Vamamarga. These debates highlight the superiority of Jain philosophy, its ancient roots, and its emphasis on non-violence and ethical conduct.
• The Role of Deities and Miracles: The narrative also incorporates the role of Jain guardian deities like Chakreshwari and Chamunda, who are depicted as assisting the Acharyas in their mission and even undergoing transformation themselves, embracing Jainism.
• The Importance of the Acharya Lineage: Throughout the text, the importance of the unbroken lineage of Acharyas is stressed, highlighting their role in preserving, propagating, and adapting Jain teachings to different times and circumstances. The text lists a significant number of Acharyas in the lineage of Bhagwan Parshvanath, underscoring the continuous flow of spiritual leadership.

In essence, this excerpt from "Jain Jatiyo ka Prachin Sachitra Itihas" provides a detailed account of the post-Bhagwan Parshvanath era, showcasing the resilience and growth of Jainism through the exemplary lives and teachings of its successive Acharyas. It emphasizes the importance of Ahimsa, ethical conduct, and intellectual discourse in sustaining and expanding the Jain faith.