Jain Diksha - Book Summary | JainGPT

This document is a summary of the Jain text titled "Jain Diksha" or "Initiation into Jainism of Science of Glorious Life" by V. M. Shah. The book appears to be a diary of an American tourist's experiences and observations in India, with a particular focus on Jainism.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and content, based on the provided pages:

Overall Focus:

The book aims to explore various aspects of Jainism, from its distinction from the masses to the discipline required to mold individuals into devout Jains. It delves into the all-embracing field of action within Jainism, the potential future leadership of Jainism, and the harmonious relationship of various components of the Jain system. A significant portion seems dedicated to understanding the roles of Digambara and Shvetambara monks, as well as the lay follower ('Shravak'). The practical utility of Jain practices like Tap (asceticism), Samayika (equanimity), Pratikraman (confession/atonement), and Dhyana (meditation) is also discussed. It addresses the inherent nature of Jainism, salvation, concepts of Heaven and Hell, and the origin, growth, and decline of religious organizations. It also critically examines the role of the 'Digamber Sadhu' and 'Shvetamber Sadhu' and the concept of the 'Awakened One'.

Key Topics (from Page 4):

The table of contents highlights a wide range of topics including:

Distinguishing Jains from the Masses: Understanding the mentality and behavior of the general populace versus Jains.
Discipline and Transformation: The process of molding the masses into 'Shravaks' (lay followers) and then into 'Jains'.
Scope of Jainism: The all-encompassing field of action of Jainism.
Future Leadership: Who will be the master of the world?
Hierarchical Structure: The harmonious relation of organs within the Jain 'Shasan' (governance/system).
Roles of Monastics: The place of the Digambara Sadhu (philosopher) and Shvetambara Sadhu (Satwic power) in Jain Shasan.
The Role of the 'Shravak': The place of the 'Awakened One' within Jain Shasan.
Practical Aspects: Utility of Tap, Samayika, Pratikraman, and Dhyana.
Ennobling Human Activities: Jain teachings on elevating all human activities.
Religious Organizations: Factors influencing birth, extension, and ruin of religious organizations.
Asceticism: The necessity, use, and abuse of Tap.
Qualifications for Diksha: Requirements for ascetic initiation.
General Jain Information: Basic information about Jains and Jainism.
Salvation and Afterlife: Salvation in this life, concepts of Heaven & Hell, Merit & Demerit.
Geographical Spread: Where Jainism exists.
Dangers of Intellectualism: The dangers of mere intellectualism.
Inspiration: Inspired knowledge and inspired action (dogmas and ceremonies).
Advice: Sound advice to youth and sincere Sadhus.
Biographical Episodes: Ennobling episodes from the life of Mahavir.
Critique of Modern Jainism: Criticism of modern Jain capitalists and the "Satan adored by the modern Jain".
Historical and Philosophical Context: The dictators of History, Science, and Philosophy.
Neo-Jainism: The demands of Neo-Jainism.
Who Needs Jainism? The author believes everyone but the "so-called Jains" needs Jainism.
Inter-faith Advice: Fraternal advice to followers of all religious sects.

Author's Perspective:

V. M. Shah is presented as a resigned President of several prominent Jain conferences (All India Shvetomber Sthanakvasi Jain Conference, All-India United Jain Conference, All-India Parnar Digambar Jain Conference, Setwal Digamber Jain Conference, etc.). He is also the author of "The Political Gita" and "Naked Truth". His motto, quoted on page 5, is: "Science knows no mercy when she has to investigate into affairs of men or nature." This suggests a critical and analytical approach to the subject matter.

The American Tourist's Diary (as indicated on page 3):

The title "The Diary of an American Tourist" suggests that the book is written from the perspective of an outsider observing Jainism. The introduction (pages 7 & 16) elaborates on this, stating that the book aims to shed light on the question of Jain Diksha so that every person can solve it themselves. It intends to give the public, and especially those who call themselves Jains, an understanding of the condition of Jain religion and society, and to reveal the secret of Jain discipline. The author's motto also reveals a scientific and forthright approach to understanding human affairs and nature.

Key Themes Emerging from Early Pages:

The Contrast between "Masses" and "Jains": The book aims to differentiate the mindset and behavior of the general public from that of Jains.
The "Shravak" Stage: It explores the intermediate stage of being a 'Shravak' between the masses and a full Jain.
Jain Shasan: It defines what Jain Shasan is, its components, and its all-encompassing scope.
Critique of Present-day Jainism: The author seems critical of the current state of Jainism and its followers, implying a deviation from the original teachings.
The Mission of a Sadhu: The book touches upon the mission and qualifications of a Sadhu.
The Importance of "Common Sense": Page 11 emphasizes "Sadi Hamaj" (Common Sense) as crucial for health in all aspects – personal, societal, religious, and governmental. The loss of common sense is seen as the root of illness, distortion, decay, sin, and hell.
Harmony and Unity: The text stresses the importance of "Universal Harmony" and the oneness of various elements like capital and labor, king and subject, good and evil, religion and science, knowledge and action, worshipper and worshipped, and law and behavior. This unity is equated with the 'Soul', 'God', and 'Salvation', being the birthright of humanity.

Chapter 1: From America to India - In Search of Vitalism

This chapter sets the stage by describing the American tourist's quest for "Vitalism" (or "Chetonvad" in Gujarati, meaning consciousness or spiritualism) in India. Dissatisfied with the materialism and capitalism of America, the author seeks the spiritual peace offered by Vitalism, believing India to be its birthplace. The tourist expresses a desire to witness the "angelic" life of Indians and understand how Vitalism transforms human mentality and behavior. The author acknowledges that direct experience surpasses knowledge gained through words, writings, or translations.

Chapter 2: Meeting a Jain Journalist

The tourist arrives in Mumbai and seeks a guide who can introduce him to Indian religious leaders. He encounters Mr. Patak, a Jain journalist, who offers his services. The tourist expresses his need for a genuine, in-depth understanding rather than superficial information, leading to a discussion about the tourist's purpose to "search" for himself. Mr. Patak, despite his initial eagerness to serve, is initially seen as potentially hindered by his editorial responsibilities. The tourist's interaction with Mr. Patak reveals his critical view of the press and journalism, especially in a "spiritual" country like India. Mr. Patak's description of his profession highlights the challenges of sensationalism, public demand, and the risk of livelihood. The tourist observes that the materialistic pursuit of wealth is prevalent even in a "Vitalist" country, leading him to conclude that the "Vitalist India" he hoped for may have already perished, replaced by an "Intellectualist India."

Overall Impression:

"Jain Diksha" appears to be a comprehensive and critical exploration of Jainism, viewed through the eyes of an American observer and author V. M. Shah. The book promises to be insightful, combining personal observations with theological and philosophical discussions, and offering a unique perspective on a religion often misunderstood or misrepresented. The author's strong opinions and analytical approach are evident from the outset.