Jain Dharmik Shanka Samadhan - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Jain Dharmik Shanka Samadhan" by Buddhisagar, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Jain Dharmik Shanka Samadhan (Jain Religious Doubts and Solutions) Author: Acharya Shri Buddhisagar Surishwarji Publisher: Adhyatma Gyan Prasarak Mandal Publication Year: 1925 (Veer Samvat 2450)

Overview:

This book, "Jain Dharmik Shanka Samadhan," authored by Acharya Shri Buddhisagar Surishwarji and published by Adhyatma Gyan Prasarak Mandal, serves as a compendium of answers to various religious doubts and questions prevalent within the Jain community. The author, a renowned scholar and yogi, addresses these queries based on Jain scriptures and traditions, aiming to clarify misconceptions and strengthen faith. The book was initiated due to discussions and doubts raised by inquisitive individuals regarding the Jain Shasan Dev (Protector Deities of the Jain Faith), particularly in relation to Ghatakarna Vir.

Key Themes and Content:

Purpose and Motivation: The book was written to provide accurate information and dispel doubts that arise due to a lack of scriptural knowledge and the absence of guidance from knowledgeable scholars. The author expresses his duty to clarify these matters for the well-being of sincere seekers of truth and to maintain the purity of their faith (Samkit).
Addressing Controversial Beliefs (Specifically Ghatakarna Vir): A significant portion of the book is dedicated to addressing the belief in Ghatakarna Vir as a protector deity of the Jain faith. The author strongly defends this belief by referencing Jain traditions (Paramparagam), the writings of past Acharyas, and the establishment of his image in Jain temples.
- Scriptural Basis: The author asserts that the concept of Ghatakarna Vir and other Shasan Devas is rooted in Jain scriptures, particularly in the lineage of Aagamas and the practices of previous Jain saints and scholars. He cites instances where deities and spirits were converted to Jainism and established as protectors.
- Mantra Shastra and Practices: The book highlights the importance of Mantra Shastra within Jainism, mentioning the existence of various mantra-kalpas for different deities, including Navkarswami, Upsargaharam, and Shanti Mantras. The author explains that Acharyas worship Suri Mantras and their yantras, Upadhyayas worship Vardhaman Vidya, and Shravaks worship Rishimandal Mantras.
- Deities as Protectors: The text explains that Jainism recognizes four types of deities: Bhuvanpati, Vyantar, Jyotishk, and Vaimanik. Some of these deities are Samkit (possessing right faith) and can assist followers through their spiritual powers and adherence to Jain principles. Ghatakarna Vir is described as a deity at the fourth stage of spiritual development (Chaturtha Gun Sthanak), akin to a householder Jain.
- Distinction between Tirthankaras and Shasan Devas: A crucial distinction is made between Tirthankaras (the twenty-four perfected souls who guide towards liberation) and Shasan Devas. Tirthankaras are considered Vitarag (free from passions) and do not directly intervene in worldly affairs from their Siddhashila. Shasan Devas, on the other hand, are Ragi (possessing passions) and can assist their devotees based on their karma and devotion, often acting as intermediaries or servants of the Tirthankaras. The miracles attributed to Tirthankaras are often the work of their devoted Shasan Devas.
The Role of Karma: The book emphasizes the fundamental Jain principle of Karma. It explains that while deities can be nimitta karan (instrumental causes) in helping devotees, upadan karan (material cause) for happiness or sorrow lies in one's own karma. The author uses analogies, like Mahatma Gandhi's own experiences, to illustrate how karma dictates outcomes, and how even divine assistance cannot overcome anicachit (unavoidable) karma.
Addressing Doubts about Mahatma Gandhi and Jainism: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to refuting the idea that Mahatma Gandhi holds a prominent position within Jainism or is a savior for Jains.
- Gandhi's Faith: The author clarifies that Gandhi was a Vaishnava and, by Jain scriptural standards, not a Jain himself. His adherence to Jain principles like ahimsa was a personal conviction, but his understanding of the universe and God differed from Jain philosophy.
- Distinction in Principles: The text highlights the difference between Jain ahimsa (absolute non-violence) and Gandhi's concept of ahimsa, particularly regarding his stance on meat consumption and political activism.
- No Replacement for Jain Teachers: The author strongly cautions against considering Gandhi or other worldly leaders as replacements for Jain Tirthankaras, Sadhus, or Acharyas. He emphasizes that true liberation and spiritual guidance come from the Jain tradition itself, and deviating from it leads to spiritual downfall.
- Criticism of Modern Reformers: The book criticizes modern "reformers" who, influenced by Western ideas or political agendas, question Jain scriptures, denounce ascetics, and spread doubt among the laity. The author warns that such individuals are often driven by self-interest and a desire to dismantle religious traditions.
The Importance of Adhering to Jain Scriptures and Traditions: Throughout the book, the author stresses the paramount importance of following Jain scriptures (Agamas) and the teachings of learned Acharyas. He advises followers to seek clarification from qualified gurus and to avoid falling prey to the doubts sown by critics and atheists.
The Nature of Worship and Devotion: The book explains that the adornment of Tirthankara idols with ornaments and offerings is an expression of devotion (Bhakti) by householders who aspire to detachment. It's seen as a way to remember the Tirthankaras' renunciation and to cultivate the desire for it.
Relevance of Jain Philosophy: The author argues that Jainism's core principles of self-reliance, karma, detachment, and the path to liberation are complete in themselves and do not require validation from other religions or external figures like Gandhi. Blindly following external ideologies or figures that contradict Jain scriptures leads to spiritual ruin.
Publisher's Mission: The "Nivedan" (Statement) from Adhyatma Gyan Prasarak Mandal highlights their commitment to publishing valuable Jain literature at affordable prices, supported by donations. They encourage widespread readership for spiritual benefit.

Conclusion:

"Jain Dharmik Shanka Samadhan" is a significant work that aims to clarify and defend Jain religious beliefs and practices, particularly those that may be misunderstood or challenged. Acharya Buddhisagar addresses these doubts with scholarly rigor and a deep understanding of Jain tradition, urging his readers to remain steadfast in their faith by relying on scriptures and the guidance of learned Acharyas. The book serves as a defense of traditional Jainism against external and internal critiques, emphasizing the self-sufficiency and profundity of the Jain path to liberation.