Jain Dharmani Prachin Arvachin Sthiti

This Jain text, titled "Jain Dharmani Prachin Arvachin Sthiti" (The Ancient and Modern Condition of Jainism) by Acharya Yoganishtha Buddhisagar Suriji, is a comprehensive exploration of the history, spread, and principles of Jainism, particularly focusing on its ancient origins and its state through various historical periods up to its modern context at the time of publication.

The book highlights the following key aspects:

1. Ancient Origins and Pervasiveness:

• The text asserts that Jainism is an anadi (beginningless) religion, existing from time immemorial.
• It emphasizes the widespread influence of Jainism in ancient times, extending beyond India to Afghanistan, Turkestan, China, and Tibet during the era of the first Tirthankara, Rishabhadeva.
• It details how Jainism was propagated by various Jain kings and rulers throughout different epochs, connecting it to prominent figures and events in Indian history and mythology.

2. Jainism in Indian History and Mythology:

• The book intricately links Jainism with key figures and narratives from the Ramayana and Mahabharata. It claims that characters like Rama, Lakshmana, Ravana, Vali, Sugriva, and Hanuman were Jain followers. Ravana, in particular, is depicted as a proponent of non-violence, actively opposing violent sacrifices.
• It discusses the patronage of Jainism by royal dynasties and individuals, including detailed accounts of Jain kings and their contributions to the faith's propagation.
• The text emphasizes the presence of Jainism during the times of Rishabhadeva, Subhithinatha, Shitalanatha, Munisuvrata, Naminatha, Neminatha, Parshvanatha, and Mahavir Swami, highlighting their teachings and the societal impact of Jain principles.

3. Jainism's Philosophical Core:

• The central tenet of Jainism, Ahimsa (non-violence), is consistently emphasized as the most crucial principle, considered the divine Ganga of compassion in Aryavarta (ancient India).
• The text argues that the principles of Jainism are beneficial for the welfare of the entire world, advocating for compassion and righteous conduct.

4. Historical Evidence and Linguistic Contributions:

• The book cites various Jain scriptures like the Shatrunjay Mahatmya, Nishiith Sutra Churna, and the writings of scholars like Pattak-tila, as evidence for Jainism's ancient history and widespread influence.
• It highlights the significant contributions of Jain scholars to linguistics and grammar, particularly mentioning Acharya Shakatayana, who predates Panini. It also points to the creation of the first grammar in the Kannada language by Jains.
• The text asserts that Jains were the first to write religious scriptures in the vernacular languages of their time, facilitating broader access to spiritual knowledge.

5. Spread and Decline of Jainism:

• The book traces the historical spread of Jainism across various regions, including the Arabian Sea islands, Ratnagiri, and even hints at its influence in America.
• It discusses the rise and eventual decline of Jainism's prominence due to various factors, including internal schisms (like the emergence of the Digambara and Shvetambara sects), the rise of other religious movements (like Vedic dharma and Buddhism), and external invasions and societal changes.
• It notes how certain communities, like the Kshatriyas, who were formerly Jain rulers and patrons, gradually shifted to Vedic Dharma due to various socio-political reasons and the influence of proponents of Vedic traditions.

6. The Role of Jain Merchants and Scholars:

• The text emphasizes the significant role of Jain merchants (Vaniks) in spreading Jainism and maintaining its influence. It details the vast wealth and charitable activities of many prominent Jain merchant families.
• It highlights the intellectual contributions of Jain scholars in various fields, including philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and grammar, showcasing their profound impact on Indian intellectual traditions.

7. Modern Challenges and Revival Efforts:

• The book addresses the decline in Jain population and influence in later centuries, attributing it to a lack of continuous spiritual guidance, internal conflicts among monastic orders, and the allure of other religious movements.
• It concludes with a call to action for the Jain community to revitalize their faith by establishing educational institutions, promoting scriptural studies, fostering unity among various sects, and actively engaging in missionary activities to spread Jain teachings.
• It emphasizes the need for Jains to understand their rich history and the sacrifices of their ancestors to revive the glory of Jainism.

Overall, "Jain Dharmani Prachin Arvachin Sthiti" serves as a historical treatise, a philosophical exposition, and a call to action for the Jain community, aiming to educate its readers about the profound and enduring legacy of Jainism and to inspire its revival and continued propagation.