Jain Dharm Sar Sandesh - Book Summary

Certainly, here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Jain Dharm Saar Sandesh" by Kashinath Upadhyay, published by Radha Swami Satsang Beas:

Book Title: Jain Dharm Saar Sandesh (The Essence and Message of Jainism) Author: Dr. Kashinath Upadhyay Publisher: Radha Swami Satsang Beas

Overview:

"Jain Dharm Saar Sandesh" is a comprehensive exploration of the core principles and teachings of Jainism, presented in a clear and accessible manner. The book aims to distill the essence of Jain philosophy from its vast scriptural tradition and present it to a modern audience. It emphasizes Jainism not as a rigid dogma or a sect, but as a universal path to self-realization and spiritual liberation, applicable to all humanity. The author, Dr. Kashinath Upadhyay, a renowned scholar of Indian philosophy, draws upon extensive research and experience to elucidate the profound spiritual insights of Jainism, particularly its methods for achieving Moksha (liberation).

Key Themes and Chapters:

The book is structured into several chapters, each delving into a crucial aspect of Jain philosophy and practice:

Antiquity of Jainism: This section establishes the ancient origins of Jainism, tracing its lineage through the tradition of Tirthankaras, Ganadharas, and Acharyas. It clarifies the meaning of terms like "Jain" (one who has conquered internal passions), "Jin" (the victor), and "Tirthankar" (one who establishes a ford across the ocean of worldly existence). It highlights the tradition of 24 Tirthankaras in each epoch and provides the lineage of the 24 Tirthankaras of the present era, with a special focus on the lives and teachings of the 23rd Tirthankara, Parshvanatha, and the 24th Tirthankara, Vardhamana Mahavir. The chapter also touches upon the linguistic origins (Prakrit) and early historical evidence, including connections to the Indus Valley Civilization and references in the Rigveda.
The Nature of Jainism: This chapter addresses the fundamental question of "What is Jainism?" It explains that Jainism is a path to happiness and liberation, rooted in the understanding of the soul (Jiva) and its intrinsic nature. It clarifies that Jainism is not about external rituals but about inner purification and self-conquest over passions and vices. The text differentiates what Jainism is (a path to self-realization and liberation) from what it is not (a sectarian religion or an exclusive doctrine). It emphasizes Jainism's broad-mindedness and its focus on universal principles.
Jiva, Bondage, and Moksha: This crucial chapter explains the Jain concept of the soul (Jiva) and its distinction from non-living matter (Ajiva). It delves into the causes of bondage (bandhana), primarily attributed to karma, and the process of liberation (Moksha) through the "Ratnatraya" (Three Jewels): Samyak Darshan (Right Faith/Perception), Samyak Gyan (Right Knowledge), and Samyak Charitra (Right Conduct).
Ahimsa (Non-violence): Ahimsa is presented as the paramount principle of Jainism, the very essence of Dharma. The chapter explores the multifaceted nature of Ahimsa, extending beyond physical harm to encompass mental and verbal non-violence. It discusses the condemnation of violence, the prohibition of meat and alcohol, and the significance of Ahimsa for householders.
Human Life: This section reflects on the rarity and preciousness of human life, highlighting its transient nature (Kshana-bhangurta). It discusses the purpose and potential significance (Sarthakta) of human existence, contrasting it with its potential futility (Nirarthakta) if not utilized for spiritual growth.
The Guru: The necessity and nature of a Guru are explored, emphasizing the importance of a spiritual guide for self-realization. It describes the qualities of a true Guru, the fruits of obtaining one, the duties of a disciple, and the harm caused by following false gurus.
Divine Sound (Divya Dhwani): This chapter likely discusses the concept of divine speech or the primordial sound that emanates from enlightened beings (Tirthankaras), which carries profound spiritual knowledge.
Anuprksha (Meditations/Contemplations): This section delves into specific meditations and contemplations designed to foster detachment (Vairagya) and stabilize the mind (Dhyana).
Introspective Sadhana (Internal Practice): The book emphasizes the importance of inner discipline, focusing on mind control and the indispensability of meditation (Dhyana). It explains the nature of meditation, its various types, and the practice of focusing on the Guru's form or mantras.
From Soul to Supreme Soul (Atma to Paramatma): This final chapter likely outlines the spiritual journey from the individual soul (Bahir-atma, Antar-atma) to the realization of the Supreme Soul (Paramatma), representing the ultimate state of liberation and enlightenment.

Core Philosophical Concepts:

Jiva and Ajiva: The fundamental distinction between the conscious soul (Jiva) and non-conscious matter (Ajiva) is central to Jain philosophy.
Karma: The concept of karma as a subtle matter that attaches to the soul and binds it to the cycle of birth and death is explained.
Ahimsa: Non-violence in thought, word, and deed is the cornerstone of Jain ethics and practice.
Anekantavada (Many-sidedness): The principle of viewing reality from multiple perspectives is presented as a way to foster tolerance and understanding.
Aparigraha (Non-possession/Non-attachment): The importance of detachment from material possessions and worldly desires is highlighted for spiritual progress.
Moksha (Liberation): The ultimate goal of Jainism is liberation from the cycle of birth and death, achieved through self-purification and the eradication of karma.

Author's Contribution:

Dr. Kashinath Upadhyay, with his extensive background in Indian philosophy, having taught and researched for many years in India and the USA, meticulously gathers essential information from the vast Jain literature. He presents the fundamental principles, practices, and particularly the means to achieve Moksha in a simple and authentic manner. The book stresses that Jainism transcends narrow boundaries of person, class, sect, or caste, offering a universal path to well-being for all humanity.

Publisher's Message:

The publisher's introduction expresses the universal human desire for happiness and the common experience of suffering. It highlights the unique position of humans with their faculty of reason to seek true happiness. The book aims to guide individuals towards this true happiness by presenting the core ideas of Jainism, emphasizing the soul's potential to become divine (Paramatma) through self-realization.

Overall Aim:

"Jain Dharm Saar Sandesh" serves as a valuable resource for spiritual seekers, practitioners, and general readers alike. It aims to inspire individuals on their path to self-improvement and spiritual welfare through a clear and unbiased study of Jainism's profound teachings.