Jain Dharm Aur Lokatantra

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Jain Dharm aur Lokatantra" by Prof. Chandrasinh Nenavati, focusing on its exploration of the relationship between Jainism and democracy:

The article "Jain Dharm aur Lokatantra" by Prof. Chandrasinh Nenavati posits that Jainism's core principles offer a strong foundation and invaluable guidance for the establishment and practice of true democracy. The author draws parallels between the fundamental tenets of Jainism and the essential values of democratic governance.

Core Principles of Jainism and their Democratic Relevance:

• Samata (Equanimity/Equality): The Jain principle of "Mitti me savva bhuesu" (friendship towards all beings) is presented as the bedrock of equality, a cornerstone of democracy. Jainism emphasizes that all beings are equal and can attain liberation through the path of right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct, irrespective of caste, religion, or language. This spiritual equality is seen as a political manifestation in democracy, where "one person, one vote" reflects the equal standing of all citizens. The article criticizes historical limitations on suffrage based on education or property, highlighting the modern democratic ideal of universal adult suffrage as a political realization of this principle.

• Ahimsa (Non-violence): Ahimsa, a paramount principle in Jainism, is crucial for democratic means. The text stresses that the pursuit of power in a democracy, while competitive, should not resort to violence, conspiracy, or murder. Peaceful transfer of power through public opinion and secret voting is the democratic ideal, aligning with Jainism's prohibition of harming or subjugating any living being. The article uses historical examples like Socrates' execution in ancient Athens as a sign of democratic decay, emphasizing that a healthy democracy should not react violently to dissent.

• Anekantavada and Syadvada (Multi-faceted Reality and Conditional Predication): These philosophical concepts are presented as vital for fostering tolerance and understanding in a democratic society. Anekantavada, the doctrine of manifold aspects of reality, suggests that truth can be viewed from multiple perspectives. Syadvada, the doctrine of conditional predication, emphasizes using "also" rather than "only" when describing an object, acknowledging that different viewpoints can coexist. This encourages intellectual generosity and a willingness to understand opposing viewpoints, preventing a descent into authoritarianism where only one ideology prevails. The article argues that the insistence on a single "truth" leads to conflict, while Syadvada promotes harmony and respect for differing opinions, essential for democratic dialogue.

• Aparigraha (Non-possession/Non-attachment): The article highlights Aparigraha as a significant contribution of Jainism to democracy, particularly in addressing economic inequality. The author argues that economic disparities, stemming from the exploitation of wealth and the accumulation of possessions, prevent true equality in democracies. The principle of limiting desires and renouncing hoarding can foster a congruence between individual and societal interests. This is seen as a complement to political equality, contributing to the popularity of socialist democracies.

Democracy as a Way of Life:

The text emphasizes that democracy is not merely a system of governance but a comprehensive philosophy, a social order, and a way of life. For democracy to be truly successful, its principles must be integrated into everyday life, not just confined to political institutions. The author stresses that treating life in segments and divorcing democratic practices from personal conduct is akin to chasing a mirage.

Conclusion:

In essence, "Jain Dharm aur Lokatantra" argues that Jainism, with its profound emphasis on equality, non-violence, tolerance, and detachment, provides a rich philosophical framework that can inspire and strengthen democratic values. The article concludes by stating that democratic principles are inherently religious in nature and that the high principles advocated by Jainism have the inherent capacity to motivate and imbue democracy with purpose.