Jain Bharati

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Jain Bharati" by Gunbhadra Jain, based on the provided pages, focusing on its content and themes:

Overview:

"Jain Bharati" is a Jain text authored by Gunbhadra Jain and published by Jinwani Pracharak Karyalaya, Kolkata. The book aims to present the essence of Jainism, its historical context, its core principles, and the decline observed in the modern Jain community. The author expresses a desire to awaken readers and guide them towards the right path, emphasizing the enduring relevance and superiority of the Jain dharma.

Key Themes and Sections:

The book is structured to cover a wide range of topics, as indicated by the detailed table of contents. The summary below highlights the major themes and the historical and philosophical insights presented.

I. Introduction and Core Principles:

• Introduction: The book begins with an invocation (Manglacharan) and a preface by the author, acknowledging Pandit Siddhasenji for inspiring the project and the publisher for their efforts in bringing the book to light.
• Core Jain Principles: The author elaborates on fundamental Jain tenets:
  • Anekant (Non-absolutism/Many-sidedness): The principle that reality has multiple viewpoints, and that rigid, one-sided views (ekant vada) lead to ignorance. The Syadvada (theory of conditional predication) is presented as the core of Jain philosophy, which harmonizes different perspectives.
  • Ahimsa (Non-violence): Presented not just as the absence of violence but as a profound ethical principle that guides all actions. The text emphasizes that true Ahimsa is not a command to harm but a state of inner peace and harmlessness.
  • Samanata (Equality): The belief that all beings have the inherent potential for divinity, and their equality lies in their inner capacity, not external circumstances.
  • Sarva Dharma (Universal Dharma): The idea that the true dharma is accessible and beneficial to all beings, irrespective of their status or actions.
  • Nishpakshata (Impartiality/Non-partisanship): The ideal of viewing all religions and philosophies with fairness, recognizing that true divinity lies in qualities like omniscience and flawlessness, regardless of the name or form associated with them.

II. Historical Glory of Jainism and its Followers:

• Jinas: The definition of "Jina" is provided, referring to those who have conquered their inner passions (anger, pride, deceit, greed, lust, hunger, thirst) and possess omniscience.
• Jain Ancestors: The text extols the virtues of ancient Jain forefathers, highlighting their dedication to universal service, their fearlessness, their humility, their commitment to truth, and their exemplary conduct. They are portrayed as selfless individuals who lived for the welfare of others and sacrificed their own comfort and lives for the dharma.
• Bhogbhumi (Era of Enjoyment): The book briefly touches upon an era of effortless abundance and happiness, a stark contrast to the current era of struggle.
• Prabhav (Influence): The pervasive influence of Jain principles and practices on society and the natural world is described, where even animals lived in harmony.
• Adarsh Purush (Ideal Men): The text features the exemplary lives and sacrifices of various Jain figures like Shri Parshvanath Prabhu, Jeevaka Kumar, Bhishma, Akalanka, Dhanadeva, and others, showcasing their adherence to principles even in the face of extreme adversity.
• Jain Streeyan (Jain Women): The significant role and exemplary character of Jain women are highlighted. They are depicted as virtuous, intelligent, devoted to their husbands, and resilient in the face of hardship, often acting as pillars of strength and guiding their families and society towards righteousness. Figures like Sita, Sita, Maina Sati, Brahmi, Sundari, and Chellana are mentioned.

III. Decline and Present-Day Situation of the Jain Community:

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to a critical analysis of the perceived decline and present-day issues within the Jain community. This forms the "Vartaman Khand" (Present Section).

• Author's Lament and Call to Action: The author expresses deep sorrow and concern over the current state of affairs, lamenting the loss of former glory and the rise of negative tendencies.
• Critique of Modern Jainism: The text presents a stark portrayal of the issues plaguing the community:
  • Loss of Values: A decline in core Jain values like Ahimsa, truthfulness, simplicity, generosity, and religious adherence.
  • Ignorance and Complacency: A prevalent ignorance of true Jain principles, a reliance on superficial rituals, and a lack of genuine spiritual pursuit.
  • Internal Divisions: The text alludes to the creation of various sects (e.g., Terah Panth, Vees Panth) and the resulting disputes, weakening the community.
  • Social and Economic Issues: Critiques of modern materialism, vanity, wastage of wealth, disregard for traditions, and the rise of practices like dowry and child marriage.
  • Corruption and Hypocrisy: The author criticizes corrupt practices in temples, the misuse of community funds, the rise of hypocritical religious leaders (Gurus, Bhaṭṭarakas), and the lack of true spiritual guidance.
  • Weakness and Cowardice: A perceived lack of courage to defend the dharma, an adherence to outdated customs, and a general decline in moral and physical strength.
  • Educational Decline: The shortcomings in the current educational system, which is seen as failing to impart true values and practical skills.
  • Commercialization of Religion: The critique extends to how religious practices and institutions are sometimes driven by financial motives.
  • Family and Societal Decay: Issues like domestic discord, lack of respect for elders, and the negative influence of modern lifestyle on children are highlighted.

IV. Call for Reform and the Future (Bhavishya Khand):

• Reawakening and Unity: The author calls for the community to unite, to shed their differences, and to return to the path of their ancestors.
• Importance of Education: Emphasis is placed on the need for true education, which includes not only scriptural knowledge but also moral and practical training.
• Restoration of Values: The text urges for the revival of core Jain principles and the exemplary lives of past generations.
• Women's Role: A strong emphasis on educating women, as they are seen as crucial for the holistic development of the family and society.
• Future Hope: Despite the critical tone, the book holds a hopeful outlook, emphasizing the potential for revival and a brighter future if the community actively embraces its heritage and reforms itself.

Overall Tone and Purpose:

"Jain Bharati" is written with a sense of urgency and deep concern for the state of the Jain community. The author employs a blend of historical glorification and contemporary critique to inspire readers towards introspection and action. The primary purpose is to serve as a wake-up call, reminding Jains of their rich heritage and the need to uphold its principles in the modern era. The book aims to be a guide for individual and collective spiritual and social upliftment.