Glossary Of Rare And Non Standard Sanskrit Words Of Katharatnakar Of Hemvijay Gani

This document is a glossary of rare and non-standard Sanskrit words found in the Katharatnakara by Hemavijayagani (circa 1600 AD). Compiled by H. C. Bhayani, it aims to provide definitions and etymological connections, often drawing parallels with Gujarati (indicated by "G." for Gujarati) and sometimes Hindustani (indicated by "H." for Hindustani) usage.

The glossary lists Sanskrit words along with their page numbers in the Katharatnakara, followed by their Gujarati equivalents, and often a brief explanation of their meaning or usage. Some entries also include Sanskritized back-formations with popular etymologies.

Here's a breakdown of the types of words and information presented:

• Rare Sanskrit Words: Many words are uncommon in standard Sanskrit literature and appear to be specific to the Katharatnakara or its tradition.
• Non-Standard Sanskrit: Words that might deviate from classical Sanskrit norms in their form or meaning.
• Gujarati Equivalents: The primary function of the glossary is to bridge the understanding of these rare Sanskrit words with their more accessible Gujarati counterparts. This highlights the linguistic context in which the Katharatnakara was likely written and received.
• Etymological Connections: The author often attempts to trace the origin or popular understanding of a word, sometimes noting Sanskritized back-formations.
• Explanations of Usage: Beyond a direct translation, some entries offer brief explanations of how the word is used in the text or its metaphorical significance.
• Specific Content Categories: The glossary covers a wide range of vocabulary, including:
  • Everyday Objects: 'Opium', 'pebble', 'steel', 'glass bowl', 'saw', 'door', 'vegetable', 'charcoal', 'sour gruel', 'peasant woman', 'wheat flour preparation', 'cross-eyed', 'town-guard', 'rice and pulse preparation', 'female disciple', 'cot', 'boiling sound', 'ditch', 'dry date', 'bowl', 'cart', 'cheek', 'house lizard', 'lizard', 'possessed', 'landing place', 'Persian wheel', 'grind stone', 'canopy', 'dry fruit', 'cucumber', 'sweet dish', 'monastery', 'jewelry', 'shame', 'sickness', 'asking', 'Muslim ruling dynasty', 'ghost', 'spirit', 'goblin', 'joined with hilt', 'cord', 'rope', 'burning', 'husband', 'owner', 'decoity', 'loin cloth', 'nose', 'tent', 'silk sari', 'thin cake of pulse', 'pistachio', 'Muslim ruler', 'hunting', 'sinner', 'cradle', 'fold, layer', 'effigy', 'statue', 'sun and moon', 'pouch', 'neighbor', 'gift', 'jump', 'swollen cheeks', 'almond', 'father (endearing term)', 'betel leaf', 'crop-eared', 'bhang', 'bard', 'Saiva monk', 'rent', 'feast', 'grind stone', 'curtain', 'reserve', 'amulet', 'ashes', 'mosquito curtain', 'female cook', 'gruel', 'royal procession', 'quarrel', 'crawl', 'sweet dish', 'store room', 'bird-catcher', 'gust of wind', 'pouch for money', 'harass', 'censure', 'ill', 'morning', 'understanding', 'evening meal', 'trader', 'return', 'chameleon', 'news', 'decorated', 'cocoanut', 'company', 'recovered', 'stirring', 'prove truthful', 'cheap', 'unchaste woman', 'salt', 'horseman', 'merchant', 'canal', 'Muslim ruler', 'carpenter', 'challenged', 'pot', 'belching', 'cremation ground', 'portable fire-place'.
  • Actions and States: 'Obstinate insistence', 'to throw up', 'taken a jump', 'to lift', 'purchasing on credit', 'to recognize', 'to climb', 'to untie', 'to treat', 'to drip', 'to scatter', 'to bring to', 'to offer', 'cleansing the teeth', 'to rankle', 'to turn aside', 'to wrench', 'to bend'.
  • Figurative Language and Expressions: The latter part of the document, "SOME NOTEWORTHY EXPRESSIONS," delves into more idiomatic and metaphorical uses of words and phrases, such as:
    • Present Progressive Tenses: "I am doing," "I am carrying," "I am falling," "I am going."
    • Expressions of Fear and Caution: "Lest he may be seeing," "allow to spit in his mouth."
    • Idiomatic Phrases: "Now-a-days," "will mount on the head; be dominating, demanding," "locked," "having attached the door-chain to close it," "the house was broken, burgled," "pursued," "to take revenge," "to come back, to return," "knocking at the door."
    • Complex Ritualistic/Metaphorical Actions: "Commit ritual suicide by getting cut the throat with a saw on the banks of the Ganga so as to get one's wish fulfilled in the next birth," "to go to Himalaya and commit suicide in the cold to repent some sin committed or to get some unfulfilled desire fulfilled in the next birth."
    • Metaphorical Meanings: "Striking the night watch," "to blacken by smearing with a brush of soot', signifying metaphorically stigma, blame or censure brought."

In essence, this glossary is a valuable scholarly tool for researchers and students of Jain literature, providing a crucial key to understanding the nuances of the Sanskrit language as employed in the Katharatnakara and its likely connection to the spoken and literary traditions of Gujarati and related languages. It demonstrates a focused effort to demystify specialized vocabulary within a specific textual context.