Glimpses Of World Religions - Book Summary

This book, "Glimpses of World Religions (Sarva Dharma Darshan)" by Gunvant Barvalia, offers a concise overview of various major world religions. The author's intention is to provide readers with a general understanding of different religious traditions, fostering knowledge and potentially dispelling prejudices. The book is dedicated to the spirit of humility and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Saint Vinobaji, and Munishri Santbaaljee, who advocated for equal love and respect for all religions.

The book covers the following religions and philosophical systems:

Hinduism: Described as "Sanatan Dharma" or perennial Dharma, it emphasizes its ancient roots and its capacity to absorb various cultures. Key aspects discussed include its scriptures (Shruti, Smruti), the role of sages like Ved Vyas and Shankaracharya, the diverse interpretations of Hinduism, the four Vedas, the importance of the Vedas as knowledge, the concept of Smruti, the Vedangs, the five great sacrifices (Panch Mahayagnas), the four Varnas and four Ashramas (Brahmacharya, Grihasthya, Vanaprasthya, Sannyasa), the four Purusharthas (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha), the six systems of Indian philosophy (Sad-darshana), the concept of Avatars, and specific Hindu festivals like Diwali, Holi, and Janmashtami. It also highlights Hinduism's tolerance, its broadness, and its emphasis on non-violence.
Charwak Darshan: Presented as a materialistic and atheistic philosophy, it rejects the concept of a soul and an afterlife, focusing solely on sensory perception and worldly enjoyment. It criticizes religious rituals and superstitions.
Jainism: Characterized as an ancient religion focused on non-violence, self-control, and penance. It highlights the Tirthankaras, with Lord Mahavir as the 24th. Jainism emphasizes the equality of all souls, the importance of conduct over birth, and the principles of non-violence, non-hoarding, and Anekantavada (many-sidedness of truth). The book details the Navkar Maha Mantra, the various creeds within Jainism (Digambar, Deravasi, Sthanakvasi, Terapanth), the significance of the Tirthankaras, Jain scriptures (Agamas), and key principles and festivals.
Bauddha Dharma (Buddhism): Originating in India around 2600 years ago with Gautam Buddha, it offers a path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering. Key teachings include the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path (Arya Ashtangik Marg), the importance of good conduct (Sheel), meditation (Samadhi), and wisdom (Pragna). It discusses the Tripitaka scriptures, the concept of "Buddha" as an enlightened one, and the two main branches: Hinayana and Mahayana. The book also mentions important Buddhist pilgrimage sites and festivals.
The Shikh Dharma: Founded by Guru Nanak Dev, it emphasizes the worship of one God, equality, selfless service, and honest living. The Mul Mantra is presented as the core tenet. The book discusses the Guru Granth Sahib as the holy scripture, the role of the Gurus, the concept of Khalsa, and key principles like Namjap (chanting God's name) and honest earning. It also touches upon important Sikh Gurudwaras and festivals like Vaisakhi.
Islam Dharma: Originating in Arabia with Prophet Muhammad, Islam's core message is submission to one God (Allah) and peace. Key tenets include the Five Pillars: Kalams (Shahada), Namaz (prayer), Roza (fasting), Jakat (charity), and Haj (pilgrimage). The book highlights the Quran and Hadis as scriptures and emphasizes the importance of faith, good conduct, and compassion. It clarifies common misconceptions about Islam and violence, stressing its message of peace and brotherhood.
The Christian Religion: Founded by Jesus Christ, it emphasizes love, forgiveness, and service to humanity. Key elements include the teachings of Jesus Christ, the Bible as the holy scripture, the importance of Faith, Hope, and Generosity, and the Ten Commandments. The book touches upon the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ and major festivals like Christmas and Easter.
Zoroastrian Religion: Founded by Asho Zarathustra, it is a monotheistic religion emphasizing good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. Key aspects include the worship of Ahurmazad (the one God), the significance of fire as a symbol, the importance of purity, and moral conduct. The book mentions the Navjot ritual and the concept of "Asho" (truth/holiness).
Tao Dharma: Originating in China with the sage Laotze, it focuses on living in harmony with "Tao" (the Divine Path or Nature). It emphasizes humility, simplicity, and aligning oneself with the natural order. The book highlights the "Tao Te Ching" as its scripture and the principles of non-action and living naturally.
Shinto Dharma: The indigenous religion of Japan, it is characterized by the worship of nature spirits called "Kami" and the divine origin of the Japanese Emperor. It emphasizes purity, loyalty to the nation and the Emperor, and harmonious living.
Confucius Religion: Founded by Confucius, it is a humanitarian and ethical system emphasizing social order, moral principles, and filial piety. Key concepts include the five fundamental relationships (father-son, elder-younger brother, husband-wife, old-young, ruler-subject) and the ideal of the noble person.
Judaism: One of the world's ancient monotheistic religions, centered on the belief in one God and the covenant with the Jewish people. Key principles include the unique idea of a universal God, the concept of Israel's chosenness for a moral purpose, adherence to the Law (Torah), the importance of prayer, gratitude, and family. The Sabbath and various festivals like Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are discussed.

The book also includes chapters on:

Violence in the context of War, Religion and Morality: An analysis of the relationship between religion and violence, differentiating types of violence and discussing historical and philosophical perspectives, including the teachings of figures like Gandhi.
Religion and Religious Fanaticism – An Analysis: Examines the causes and consequences of religious fanaticism, highlighting the misuse of religion by leaders, the role of prejudice, and the importance of tolerance and understanding.
Self-introspection in the philosophical systems or in the literature of the 'Darshanas': Explores the philosophical traditions of India, contrasting them with Western philosophy and delving into concepts of the soul, knowledge, and liberation within various Indian schools of thought (Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, etc.) and Jain and Buddhist philosophies.
Duty to Mankind is the only Duty or only Dharma: Emphasizes that true Dharma lies in serving humanity, transcending ritualistic practices and sectarian differences.
Creeds, Sects are Bodies and Religion is the Soul: Uses the analogy of a garden and a tree to illustrate that while creeds and sects are varied forms, the underlying essence of all religions is one. It advocates for unity in diversity and separating religion from sectarian rigidity.
Equal Respect for all Religions: Argues for the importance of understanding, respecting, and loving all religions, drawing on the teachings of figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Swami Vivekananda, and advocating for a liberal outlook and tolerance.
Prayers for seven days for the devotees of "all religions": Offers devotional prayers inspired by the founders of various religions.
Rebaptism (Christianity of Amish Population): Details the history and lifestyle of the Amish people, a Anabaptist Christian group known for their simple living, distinct traditions, and commitment to their faith.

The book concludes with a bibliography of related works and information about the author, Gunvant Barvalia, and the Arham Spiritual Centre. The overarching message is one of interfaith harmony, mutual respect, and the pursuit of universal ethical values.