Essence Of Jainism Part 02

This document is Volume II of "Essence of Jainism," part of the Shri Vijay Nemi-Vignan-Kastursuri Smriti Series, compiled by Muni Shri Kushalchandravijayji. It was reprinted in honor of the Centennial Celebration of the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893-1993) and published by Shri 108 Jain Tirth Darshan Bhavan Trust, Palitana.

The book focuses on various aspects of Jain practice and philosophy for householders, aiming to guide individuals towards spiritual purification and liberation. It is structured into several chapters:

1. The Twelve Vows of a House-Holder:

• This section explains the concept of Desh-Virati Dharma (partial renunciation) for householders, contrasting it with the Sarva-Virati Dharma (complete renunciation) of monks.
• It details the twelve vows:
  • Five Anuvratas (Lesser Vows): Sthul Pranatipat Virman Vrata (abstinence from killing), Sthul Mrushavad Virman Vrata (abstinence from falsehood), Sthul Adattadan Virman Vrata (abstinence from stealing), Sthul Maithun Viraman Vrata (abstinence from incontinence), and Sthul Parigraha Pariman Vrata (abstinence from excessive possession). Each vow is explained with its specific prohibitions and associated aticharas (failures of conduct).
  • Three Gunavratas (Supportive Vows): Digvirati Vrata (limiting movement), Bhogopabhog Virman Vrata (restricting consumption of enjoyments), and Anarthdand Virman Vrata (abstinence from purposeless sinful acts).
  • Four Shikshavratas (Disciplinary Vows): Samayik (equanimity), Paushadh (observing vows on auspicious days), Deshavagasiya (limiting time and place), and Atithi-samvibhaga (offering food to guests).
• The text also introduces the concept of Padimas (stages of spiritual progress for householders), with eleven stages outlined, detailing progressive spiritual discipline.
• Examples of exemplary householders like Anand Shravaka are provided to illustrate the commitment and dedication to these vows.

2. Purification of Heart:

• This chapter emphasizes the importance of cultivating inner virtues and the four noble sentiments: Maitri (friendliness), Pramod (cheerfulness), Karuna (compassion), and Madhyastha Bhavana (neutrality/equanimity).
• It defines Dharma in various contexts, from basic upholding to the soul's inherent nature.
• It stresses the significance of Vyavahar Shuddhi (purity of conduct) in all dealings, highlighting honesty and integrity.
• The chapter provides guidance on self-reflection, introspection, and the practice of virtues to cleanse the heart from passions like attachment and aversion.
• It includes various examples from Jain history of individuals who achieved spiritual heights through virtuous living and devotion.

3. Unique Chintamani Samayik:

• This section delves into the practice of Samayik, a key Shiksha Vrata for achieving mental equanimity and spiritual discipline.
• It explains the meaning of Samayik as equanimity, non-violence, and the practice of treating others as one would wish to be treated.
• The text outlines the process of observing Samayik, including the symbolic representation of the Guru (Sthapanaji), the use of a broom (Charavalo), and the importance of posture (Katashanu) and facial covering (Muhapatti).
• It lists numerous faults (Doshas) to be avoided during Samayik, related to mind, speech, and body.
• The chapter highlights the profound spiritual benefits of Samayik through various narratives, emphasizing its role in purifying the soul, destroying karmas, and leading to liberation.

4. The Highly Auspicious Tap Dharma (Penance):

• This chapter explains the significance of Tapa (penance) in Jainism as a means to destroy karmas, overcome obstacles, and achieve spiritual progress, including the highest state of a Tirthankar.
• It categorizes penance into twelve types: six external (Bahya) and six internal (Antar).
• The text provides examples of individuals who attained liberation through penance.
• It emphasizes the importance of practicing penance in moderation, with the right intention and proper guidance, to avoid negative consequences.
• The chapter details the concept of Vish Sthanak Tap and its role in accumulating Tirthankar Namkarma.
• It stresses the need for meticulous observance of vows and precautions during penance and the breaking of fasts.

5. Samadhi Maran (Peaceful Death):

• This chapter focuses on the Jain approach to death, emphasizing a peaceful and conscious departure from the mortal body to achieve liberation.
• It explains that Samadhi Maran is achieved by ceasing the influx of new karmas and destroying existing ones, through vows, detachment, and focusing the mind on spiritual principles.
• The text stresses the importance of a life lived in accordance with Jain principles to achieve a peaceful death.
• It highlights the role of repentance, seeking forgiveness, and maintaining positive mental states at the time of death.
• Numerous illustrative stories of individuals achieving spiritual heights or experiencing consequences based on their thoughts and actions at the end of their lives are presented, underscoring the significance of the final moments.
• The chapter concludes with the importance of daily religious practices and the Navkar Mantra for spiritual well-being and eventual liberation.

In essence, "Essence of Jainism Part 02" serves as a practical guide for Jain householders, offering detailed explanations of vows, ethical conduct, spiritual practices like Samayik and Tapa, and the philosophy of a peaceful death, all aimed at achieving self-purification and ultimate liberation.