Dravyavigyan

Certainly, here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Dravyavigyan" by Sadhvi Dr. Vidyutprabha Shreeji, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Dravyavigyan (द्रव्य-विज्ञान) Author: Sadhvi Dr. Vidyutprabha Shreeji Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy, Jaipur (jointly with Kanti Paras Prakashan, Badmer) Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002592/1

Overall Summary:

"Dravyavigyan" is a comprehensive doctoral dissertation by Sadhvi Dr. Vidyutprabha Shreeji, presented by the Prakrit Bharti Academy. The book delves deeply into the Jain philosophical concept of "Dravya" (substance or reality), aiming to provide a complete and comparative analysis of Dravya as found in Jain scriptures. It seeks to illuminate the intricate principles of Jain metaphysics with clarity and simplicity, making a profound subject accessible to scholars and the curious alike.

Key Themes and Content:

The book is structured into five chapters, each exploring different facets of Dravya and its related concepts within the broader context of Indian philosophy:

1. Chapter 1: The Concept of Dravya in Jain Philosophy in the Context of Indian Philosophies:

   • This chapter establishes Jainism's unique position within the landscape of Indian philosophical thought.
   • It highlights Jainism's core tenets of Anekantavada (non-absolutism) and Syadvada (conditional predication) as its fundamental contributions, emphasizing intellectual tolerance and liberal ethical principles.
   • The chapter likely contrasts Jain philosophy with other Indian schools like Vedanta, Buddhism, Samkhya, Nyaya-Vaisheshika, and Charvaka, particularly on their views regarding the nature of reality (Dravya), cosmology, and the self.
   • It delves into the origin and meaning of "Darshan" (philosophy) and the criteria for a philosopher.
   • A significant portion is dedicated to the Jain perspective on Dravya and its relationship with the creation, contrasting it with the views of Buddhism, Upanishads, Samkhya, and Charvaka.

2. Chapter 2: The Definition and Characteristics of Dravya According to Jain Tradition:

   • This is a foundational chapter defining Dravya based on Jain principles.
   • It introduces the core Jain definition: "Gunaparyayavad Dravyam" (A substance is that which possesses qualities and modes).
   • It explains the concept of "Sat" (existence) and its characteristics within Jainism.
   • The text emphasizes that "Dravya is ananta dharmatmak" (substance has infinite attributes) and is "trikalik" (exists in all three times: past, present, future).
   • Key concepts discussed include the co-existence of qualities ("sahabhava") and modes ("kramabhava"), the principle of "utpada-vyaya-dhrauvya" (origination, decay, and permanence), and the idea that "Vastu anant dharmaatmak" (an object has infinite characteristics).
   • It likely discusses the relationship between Dravya and its qualities (Guna) and modes (Paryaya), emphasizing that they are neither entirely identical nor entirely different.
   • The chapter might also touch upon the "Nayas" (standpoints) and their necessity for understanding the multifaceted nature of reality.
   • It details the classification of the six Dravyas (Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma, Akasha, Kala) based on various criteria like consciousness (Jiva vs. Ajiva), tangibility (Murt vs. Amurt), dimensionality, materiality, and causal role.

3. Chapter 3: The Soul (Atman) According to Jain Philosophy:

   • This chapter focuses on the Jivastikaya (soul substance), a central entity in Jainism.
   • It likely begins with the etymology of "Atman" and provides various arguments for its existence and nature, potentially referencing different Jain Acharyas.
   • The chapter contrasts the Jain concept of the soul with views from the Upanishads, the materialistic Charvaka, the dualistic Samkhya, and the non-theistic Nyaya-Vaisheshika.
   • It explores the characteristics of the soul, such as its "dehapariman" (body-sized) nature in its embodied state, its inherent consciousness ("chetana"), and its agent/experiencer ("karta-bhokta") role.
   • The classification of souls (based on the number of senses, states of consciousness, etc.) is likely discussed, leading to the description of the "Shuddhatma" (pure soul) in its liberated state.
   • Key Jain concepts such as "Upayoga" (consciousness/use), "Leshyas" (subtle karmic colors), "Gunasthana" (stages of spiritual development), the roles of "Karma," "Ashrava" (influx of karma), "Samvara" (cessation of karma), "Nirjara" (shedding of karma), and "Moksha" (liberation) are likely detailed in relation to the soul.

4. Chapter 4: The Nature of Ajiva (Non-soul Substances):

   • This extensive chapter deals with the remaining five Dravyas, which are non-sentient.
   • Dharmastikaya and Adharmastikaya: These are discussed as unique Jain concepts, facilitating motion and rest respectively, without initiating them. Their non-material nature and role in the cosmos are explained. The chapter likely draws parallels with modern scientific concepts like "ether" to illustrate their function.
   • Akashastikaya: The all-pervading space, both the "Lokakasha" (finite space occupied by substances) and "Alokakasha" (infinite, empty space beyond the cosmos), is analyzed. Its function of providing space for all other substances is highlighted. The chapter likely compares Jain cosmology with that of Buddhism and Vedic traditions.
   • Kaladravya (Time): The nature of time as a subtle, non-material substance is discussed, including its role in change and continuity. The Jain distinction between "Nishchay Kala" (absolute time) and "Vyavahar Kala" (conventional time) might be explored.
   • Pudgala (Matter): This is the only material substance. The chapter likely covers its fundamental nature, its constituents (atoms and molecules), and its various manifestations and qualities (color, taste, smell, touch). It discusses the concept of "Pudgala Pariman" (transformation of matter) and its interaction with Jiva. The text might also touch upon the scientific parallels of matter and energy conversion.

5. Chapter 5: Conclusion (Upasamhar):

   • This chapter would likely summarize the key findings and reiterate the significance of the six Dravyas within Jain philosophy.
   • It might offer concluding thoughts on the applicability of these metaphysical principles and the path to liberation through understanding the true nature of reality.

Key Strengths Highlighted in Forewords and Acknowledgements:

• Intellectual Rigor: The book is praised for its profound exploration of complex philosophical concepts.
• Clarity and Eloquence: Sadhvi Vidyutprabha's writing style is noted for its harmony, flow, and unique presentation skills.
• Scholarly Value: It is expected to be well-received by scholars and serve as a valuable resource for those seeking in-depth knowledge of Jain metaphysics.
• Personal Journey: The dedication and perseverance of Sadhvi Vidyutprabha in undertaking such a challenging academic endeavor, despite various obstacles including personal loss, are acknowledged and lauded, particularly by her mentor, Dr. Rangroopmal Kothari.
• Comparative Approach: The dissertation adopts a comparative approach, examining Jain concepts against the backdrop of other Indian philosophical systems, adding depth and context.
• Scientific Parallels: The book attempts to draw parallels between ancient Jain principles and modern scientific discoveries, particularly in its discussion of matter (Pudgala) and its transformations.

Overall Impression:

"Dravyavigyan" appears to be a meticulously researched and deeply insightful work that aims to elucidate the core metaphysical framework of Jainism. It is a testament to the author's dedication to scholarship and her ability to articulate complex philosophical ideas with clarity. The book is presented as a significant contribution to Jain literature, offering a thorough understanding of the fundamental substances that constitute reality according to Jainism.