Dravyanuyoga Part 3 - Book Summary

The text provided is the third part of "Dravyanuyoga" by Kanhaiyalal Maharaj, published by Agam Anuyog Prakashan. This volume, Part 3, focuses on the subject matter related to the Jain Agamas concerning "Jiva" (soul) and "Ajiva" (non-soul). Specifically, it compiles and presents eleven chapters or studies ("adhyayan") on topics such as Ashrava (influx of karmas), Veda (sensations/desires), Kashaya (passions), Karma, Vedana (pain/suffering), Gati (states of existence - general, hellish, animal, human, celestial), and Vyutkranti (change/transformation).

The book provides the original text with a Gujarati translation. The chief editor is Anuyog Pravartak, Upadhyaya Pravar, Pandit Ratna Muni Shri Kanhaiyalalji 'Kamal'. The text is a compilation of various studies related to the soul and non-soul entities as described in Jain scriptures.

The table of contents (pages 26-50 in the provided PDF) indicates the following chapters covered in this volume:

Chapter 28: Ashrava Adhyayan (Study of Ashrava): This chapter details the five causes of Ashrava (influx of karmas) and their five types: Himsa (violence), Mrusha (falsehood), Adattadan (stealing), Abrahmacharya (unlawful conduct), and Parigraha (possessiveness). It elaborates on the nature, synonyms, and consequences of violence, falsehood, stealing, incontinence, and possessiveness, often referencing and explaining concepts from the Prashnavyakarana Sutra. It discusses the classification of various life forms (jalachar, sthalachar, etc.) and the reasons for their harm, as well as the mental states (manovritti) of those who commit violence. It also touches upon the consequences in Naraka (hell) and the suffering experienced by beings there and in the animal realm, including those who are born as humans with afflictions due to past karma.
Chapter 29: Veda Adhyayan (Study of Veda/Sensations): This chapter delves into the three types of Veda (sensations or desires): stri-veda (female), purusha-veda (male), and napunsak-veda (neuter). It explains their nature, how they are formed, and their presence across different life-forms and karmic bindings. It also discusses the classification of beings based on their state of Veda (Sajiva, Ajiva, etc.) and their lifespans, including details about various divine beings and their interactions.
Chapter 30: Kashaya Adhyayan (Study of Kashaya/Passions): This study focuses on the four primary passions: Krodha (anger), Mana (pride), Maya (deceit), and Lobha (greed). It examines their classifications, the consequences of their occurrence in different life-forms (dandakas), and their connection to specific states of existence (naraka, tiryancha, manushya, deva). It also explores the causes of Kashaya and the differing states of beings regarding Kashaya (Sakshaya, Akshaya).
Chapter 31: Karma Adhyayan (Study of Karma): This extensive chapter explains the fundamental principles of karma in Jainism. It covers the eight primary karmas (Jnanavaraniya, Darshanavaraniya, Vedaniya, Mohaniya, Ayushya, Nama, Gotra, and Antaraya), their types (prakriti, sthiti, anubhava, pradesha), their simultaneous occurrence (sahabhava), and the various modes of their binding, transition, and fruition. It also elaborates on specific karmic influxes and the mental states (leshya) and external factors that contribute to karma bondage. The text details the states of beings in different realms (naraka, tiryancha, manushya, deva) in relation to their karma bondage and the different types of karma binding (e.g., based on sankshaya, leshya, karma-prakriti, etc.). The chapter also discusses the duration of karmas, their causes, and the concept of a soul's existence and transformation across different life-forms and states. It highlights the intricate details of how different life-forms interact with and are influenced by karmic principles.
Chapter 32: Vedana Adhyayan (Study of Vedana/Suffering): This chapter explores the concept of suffering (Vedana) in Jainism. It details various aspects of suffering, including its classification into physical and mental categories, its intensity (e.g., hot, cold, mixed), and its experience by different life-forms, particularly in the Naraka (hellish) realms. It explains how karmas lead to suffering and the process of purification (Nirjara) from karmic bondage. The text emphasizes that suffering is primarily an outcome of one's own actions (karma).
Chapter 33: Gati Adhyayan (Study of Gati/States of Existence): This study categorizes the different states of existence into five: Naraka (hellish), Tiryanch (animal), Manushya (human), Deva (celestial), and Siddha (liberated). It provides a general overview of these states and then delves into specific details of each, including their classifications, lifespans, population counts (alpa-bahu), and the nature of their existence. The chapter discusses the concept of 'Paryapti' (developmental stages) and 'Aparayant' (undeveloped stages) and their implications for beings in different realms.
Chapter 34: Naraka Gati Adhyayan (Study of Hellish Existence): This chapter focuses specifically on the Naraka Gati (hellish existence). It describes the various hellish realms, the types of suffering experienced there, the conditions of beings in these realms, and the causes of rebirth in such states. It provides detailed descriptions of the hellish environments, the torments inflicted by infernal beings (Narakpal), and the psychological and physical suffering of the souls within.
Chapter 35: Tiriyancha Gati Adhyayan (Study of Animal Existence): This chapter examines the Tiryancha Gati (animal existence). It details the various forms of life in this realm, including different species of living beings, their characteristics, and their karmic dispositions. The text explores the cycle of birth and death within the animal kingdom, the causes of rebirth in this realm, and the suffering experienced by these beings due to their karmic actions and limitations. It also touches upon the concept of 'Paryapti' and 'Aparayant' in relation to their development.
Chapter 36: Manushya Gati Adhyayan (Study of Human Existence): This study focuses on Manushya Gati (human existence). It describes the characteristics of humans in different geographical locations (e.g., Karma Bhoomi, Akarma Bhoomi) and the various types of humans based on their actions, virtues, and qualities. It delves into the human lifespan, their physical attributes, and the influence of karma on their mundane experiences and aspirations. The chapter also discusses the concept of 'Paryapti' and 'Aparayant' in the context of human life.
Chapter 37: Deva Gati Adhyayan (Study of Celestial Existence): This chapter explores the Deva Gati (celestial existence). It classifies celestial beings into different categories based on their location (e.g., Bhavanapati, Vyantar, Jyotishka, Vaimanika), their lifespans, their realms of residence, their divine powers (Riddhi), their enjoyments (Bhoga), and their eventual demise (Chyavana). It also discusses the characteristics of different types of celestial beings, their interactions, and their karmic connections that lead to such births.
Chapter 38: Vyutkranti Adhyayan (Study of Change/Transformation): This chapter discusses the concept of change and transformation in the context of life cycles and karmic transformations. It analyzes the transmigration of souls from one state of existence to another, the process of birth and death across the four Gatis (hellish, animal, human, celestial), and the conditions that govern these transitions. It also touches upon the nature of karma and its influence on the soul's journey through the cycle of rebirth.

In essence, "Dravyanuyoga Part 3" by Kanhaiyalal Maharaj is a scholarly work that systematically compiles and explains core Jain philosophical concepts related to the soul, non-soul, karma, and the cycle of existence, drawing extensively from the Jain Agamas. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these subjects for spiritual study and practice.