Dravya Gun Paryayno Ras

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Dravya Gun Paryayno Ras" by Mohanlal V Amarshi, based on the provided pages:

Overview and Context:

The book "Dravya Gun Paryayno Ras" (literally "Essence of Substance, Quality, and Mode") is a Jain text attributed to the renowned scholar Mahamahopadhyaya Shri Yashvijayji Upadhyay. The provided excerpt includes commentary and explanation by Mohanlal V Amarshi, published by Jain Vijay Press in 1908. The text is a "Ras" (a lyrical narrative form), making a profound philosophical concept accessible through a more engaging medium.

Author and Significance of the Original Work:

The introductory pages highlight the immense contribution of Mahamahopadhyaya Shri Yashvijayji Upadhyay to Jain literature. He is described as a highly learned scholar, particularly excelling in the field of Nyaya (Logic). His mastery of logic earned him the title "Nyayavisharad" from scholars in Kashi, indicating his peerless status in his time. The original "Dravya Gun Paryayno Ras" is presented as a profound and unique work that delves into complex concepts of Dravya (substance), Guna (quality), and Paryaya (mode).

Reason for the "Ras" Form:

An interesting anecdote is shared: it is said that opponents from other philosophical schools ridiculed Jain "Ras" literature. In response, Shri Yashvijayji Upadhyay composed this "Ras" in a simple language, explaining the intricate topics of logic and Dravyanuyoga (the branch of Jain philosophy dealing with substances). This innovative approach surprised and impressed scholars.

Purpose of the Commentary:

Mohanlal V Amarshi explains that due to the scarcity of Jain scholars who study logic and the infrequent study of texts in the "Ras" form, he undertook the task of writing commentary. His aim was to simplify this profound subject for those eager to learn, making the original text with its Gujarati translation and commentary accessible. He humbly admits his limited capacity in the subject of logic but states that his enthusiasm drove him to clarify the dense material.

Key Concepts Covered (Based on the Table of Contents and Excerpts):

The book systematically explores the Jain metaphysical framework, focusing on the three fundamental categories:

• Dravya (Substance): The underlying reality that undergoes change while maintaining its essential nature. The text discusses the nature of substance.
• Guna (Quality): The inherent and inseparable attributes of a substance. The book details the various qualities.
• Paryaya (Mode/State): The changing states or modifications of a substance that occur over time. The text explains the different types of modes.

The "Ras" also delves into related philosophical concepts:

• Praise of Dravyanuyoga: Emphasizing the importance of this philosophical branch.
• Understanding Dravya, Guna, and Paryaya: Providing foundational explanations.
• Inseparability of Dravya, Guna, and Paryaya: Discussing how these are interconnected and manifest as a single reality.
• Resolving Doubts about Distinction and Non-Distinction: Addressing potential confusion regarding the relationship between these categories.
• Naya (Standpoints/Approaches): A significant portion of the text is dedicated to explaining the various Nayas, which are different perspectives through which reality can be understood. Key Nayas discussed include:
  • Dravyarthika Naya: The standpoint focused on substance.
  • Paryayarthika Naya: The standpoint focused on modes.
  • Seven Nayas: A systematic presentation of seven principal standpoints.
  • Up-Nayas: Subsidiary standpoints.
  • Nishchaya Naya (Certain/Absolute View): The ultimate reality.
  • Vyavahara Naya (Conventional/Practical View): The perceived reality.
• Explanation of the "Tripadi" (Threefold Truth): Clarifying the concept of origination, decay, and permanence.
• Nature of Substance, Qualities, and Modes: Detailed descriptions.
• Classification of Swabhavas (Natural States).
• Explanation of Swabhavas through Naya.
• Praise (Prashasti).

Excerpts Highlight Key Arguments:

The provided excerpts from the initial chapters reveal the text's argumentative style and core messages:

• Primacy of Dravyanuyoga: It is argued that focusing solely on external rituals (Charana Karana) without understanding the underlying substances (Dravya) is futile, as stated in the Sammiti Granth. True yoga leads to self-knowledge.
• Distinction between External and Internal Action: External actions (like rituals) are considered less significant than internal contemplation and self-knowledge, which are the essence of Dravyanuyoga.
• Impact of Dravyanuyoga: Immersion in Dravyanuyoga protects against external faults like "Adhakarmaadik Dosha" (faults related to food and offerings).
• The Importance of Knowledge: The text emphasizes that knowledge of substances and their attributes is crucial for liberation.
• Qualities of a True Ascetic: Those who have understood Dravyanuyoga and are devoted to self-inquiry are true ascetics.
• The Source of the Ras: The text is rooted in the principal Jain scriptures like Sammiti Tatvartha and Pravachana Nighantha.

Overall Tone and Approach:

The text is written with reverence for the original author and a humble acknowledgment of the commentator's limitations. The commentary aims to make profound philosophical ideas accessible, employing a devotional and scholarly tone. The inclusion of anecdotes and citations from other Jain scriptures adds depth and authority to the work.

In essence, "Dravya Gun Paryayno Ras" is a foundational Jain philosophical text that uses a poetic narrative to explain the core concepts of substance, quality, and mode, supported by a thorough analysis of various logical standpoints (Nayas) and their application to understanding reality. The commentary by Mohanlal V Amarshi serves as a valuable guide for readers seeking to grasp these intricate Jain teachings.