Diksha Batrishi Ek Parishilan - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Diksha Batrishi Ek Parishilan," authored by Chandraguptasuri and published by Anekant Prakashan Jain Religious. This text is a commentary or elaboration on the concept of Diksha (initiation/renunciation) as described in the works of Mahamahopadhyaya Shrimad Yashovijayji Maharaj, specifically within his "Trishathi Prakaranantargat Diksha Batrishi."

Central Theme: The True Nature and Significance of Diksha

The primary focus of this text is to explain the profound and spiritual essence of Diksha, distinguishing it from superficial or ritualistic practices. It emphasizes that true Diksha is a pathway to liberation (moksha) and the eradication of worldly suffering (ashiv).

Key Concepts and Explanations:

Etymology and Meaning of Diksha: The text begins by explaining that "Diksha" is derived from providing what is beneficial (shreyas) and destroying what is inauspicious (ashiv). Therefore, true Diksha should lead to spiritual well-being and the end of the cycle of birth and death.
The Importance of Knowledge and Guidance: A central argument is that true Diksha is only attained by those who are knowledgeable (gyani) or under the guidance of the knowledgeable (gyani nishra). Simply undertaking the outward rituals of Diksha without this inner foundation is insufficient for spiritual progress.
The Role of the Guru: The text stresses the critical importance of unwavering faith and surrender to the Guru (gyani). Following the Guru's guidance without questioning is essential, as true understanding and merit come from absolute adherence to their teachings.
The Fourfold "Nyasa" (Entrustment/Consecration) in Diksha:
- Naam Nyasa (Name Entrustment): Assigning a meaningful name that reflects virtuous qualities, which serves as a constant reminder and inspiration for the initiate.
- Sthapana Nyasa (Establishment Entrustment): Symbolically embracing the monk's attire (like the 'ogho', 'muhapaati', etc.), which helps in the destruction of worldly attachments and mental impurities.
- Dravya Nyasa (Substance Entrustment): This refers to the practice of acquiring knowledge of scriptures and practicing the conduct of monks. This builds stability in vows.
- Bhav Nyasa (Internal State Entrustment): Cultivating the right internal state, such as faith, knowledge, and conduct, which leads to higher spiritual attainments and potentially leadership roles within the monastic order.
The Stages of Conduct (Anushthana): The text outlines four types of conduct:
- Preeti Anushthana (Conduct of Affection): Driven by liking for a subject.
- Bhakti Anushthana (Conduct of Devotion): Driven by reverence for something sacred.
- Vachana Anushthana (Conduct of Following Teachings): Acting solely based on the teachings of the Tirthankaras. This is considered the initial stage of true monastic conduct.
- Asanga Anushthana (Conduct of Non-Attachment): Natural, ingrained conduct developed through continuous practice and mastery, leading to a state of detachment.
The Five Types of Forbearance (Kshama): The text elaborates on five types of forbearance: Upakar Kshama (forbearance towards benefactors), Apakar Kshama (forbearance towards those who harm), Vipak Kshama (forbearance based on the consequences of actions), Vachan Kshama (forbearance based on scriptures), and Dharma Kshama (forbearance inherent in one's true nature). It highlights that only Vachan Kshama and Dharma Kshama are relevant to true Diksha.
The True Warrior: The text identifies the true warrior as one who engages in an internal struggle against the body and its desires, rather than external battles. This involves rigorous self-discipline and detachment from the physical form.
The Significance of Conduct and the Body: The body is viewed as an obstacle if attached to, and a tool for liberation when detached from. The text advocates for moderate self-affliction of the body (tapas) through fasting and other practices, especially in the initial stages, to curb the ego and attachment.
The Stages of Spiritual Progress: The text describes a progression where initial conduct driven by affection or reverence evolves into conduct based on scriptural teachings (Vachana Anushthana) and ultimately into non-attached, natural conduct (Asanga Anushthana).
Subha Upayoga and Shuddha Upayoga: The text discusses both auspicious contemplation (Shubha Upayoga) and pure contemplation (Shuddha Upayoga) as essential for spiritual progress. While both are beneficial, Shuddha Upayoga, which involves detachment from all worldly matters, including the body, is considered the direct path to liberation.
The Ultimate Goal: Samayik (Equanimity): True Diksha leads to a state of Samayik, which is equanimity towards all beings and all experiences (happiness and sorrow). This state arises from true knowledge and detachment.
The Digambara Misconception: The text briefly addresses the Digambara view, suggesting they misunderstand the diverse nature of Diksha by adhering to a singular, detached form without considering the gradual progression and the importance of practical conduct.
Conclusion: The text concludes by reiterating that true Diksha is a blend of correct action (Kriya) and the state of equanimity (Samayika), leading to ultimate bliss (Paramananda). It encourages sincere effort in embracing this path.

Overall Message:

"Diksha Batrishi Ek Parishilan" is a profound exploration of the spiritual discipline of Diksha within Jainism. It urges initiates and followers to look beyond mere outward observances and to cultivate inner knowledge, unwavering devotion to the Guru, and complete detachment from the self and the world. The text emphasizes that true Diksha is a rigorous path of self-transformation, guided by scripture and the wisdom of the enlightened, ultimately leading to liberation from suffering and the attainment of eternal bliss.