Dharmshiksha

The book "Dharmashiksha" by Muni Shri Nyayavijayji, published by Gulabchand Lallubhai Shah, is a comprehensive guide to Jain principles and practices. The author, a learned Jain scholar, aims to educate readers on the fundamental tenets of Dharma, particularly within the Jain tradition.

The book begins by emphasizing the importance of Dharma for spiritual well-being and societal harmony. It criticizes an irreligious life, quoting a verse that highlights the worthlessness of a person devoid of virtuous deeds and righteous conduct. The author uses vivid analogies, such as a shadowless tree or a dry pond, to illustrate the emptiness of an irreligious existence.

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to a critical examination of various philosophical schools, particularly their interpretations of Vedic texts and their differing views on concepts like violence, karma, and the nature of reality. The author delves into the contradictions and perceived flaws within different philosophical systems, often contrasting them with Jain philosophy.

Central to the Jain perspective presented is the concept of Syadvada and Saptabhangi, the principles of conditioned predication and the sevenfold prediction. The author explains these complex philosophical ideas, highlighting their role in arriving at relative truths and avoiding dogmatic assertions. The book also discusses the nine fundamental tattvas (principles) of Jainism and the nature of liberation (moksha), emphasizing the attainment of eternal bliss.

The text then meticulously outlines the Jain path to spiritual progress, starting with the concept of Ahimsa (non-violence) as the paramount principle. It details the vows (vratas) undertaken by Jain ascetics (munis) and lay followers (shravaks). The twelve vows of a shravak are explained in detail, including:

• Five Great Vows (Mahavratas):
  1. Abstinence from gross violence (Pranatipat Viraman).
  2. Abstinence from falsehood (Mṛṣāvāda Viraman).
  3. Abstinence from stealing (Adattadana Viraman).
  4. Abstinence from illicit sexual indulgence (Maithuna Viraman).
  5. Abstinence from possessions (Parigraha Viraman).
• Three Pillars of Merit (Guna Vratas): 6. Limitation of direction (Digvirati). 7. Limitation of enjoyment of consumables (Bhogo-papbhoga Parimana). 8. Abstinence from unintentional harm (Anarthadanda Tyaga).
• Four Vows of Training (Shiksha Vratas): 9. Spiritual practice for a period (Samayika). 10. Limitation of space for activities (Deshavakashika). 11. Observance of vows on specific days (Pausadha). 12. Offering to the needy (Atithi Samvibhaga).

The author elaborates on each of these vows, providing explanations, examples, and the philosophical reasoning behind them. For instance, in the discussion of Ahimsa, the author critiques the practices of animal sacrifice found in some interpretations of Vedic texts. Similarly, the concept of Brahmacharya is discussed in detail, emphasizing its importance for spiritual purity and societal well-being.

The book also touches upon the historical development and the purity of Jain teachings, highlighting the contributions of influential Jain Acharyas. It presents a comparison between Jain philosophy and other Indian philosophical schools, often arguing for the superiority and comprehensiveness of the Jain perspective. The author engages in a critical analysis of the Vedic tradition, questioning certain rituals and interpretations, particularly those involving violence.

A significant portion of the book focuses on the concept of Tirthankaras, the spiritual guides in Jainism, and the vastness and structure of Jain cosmology and timelines (kalachakra). The teachings of the Tirthankaras are presented as the ultimate source of spiritual knowledge, free from the limitations of human understanding.

The author stresses the importance of Samayika (equanimity) and Pausadha (fasting and spiritual practice on auspicious days) as crucial practices for lay followers to cultivate spiritual discipline. The book also emphasizes the significance of Atithi Samvibhaga (charity and offering to the needy, especially ascetics) as a means of spiritual merit and social upliftment.

Throughout the book, the author, Muni Nyayavijayji, exhibits a deep understanding of Jain philosophy, logic, and ethics. The language is scholarly yet accessible, aiming to instill a sense of devotion, understanding, and commitment to the Jain way of life. The book serves as a foundational text for anyone seeking to comprehend and practice Jain Dharma.