Dharmanubandhi Vishva Darshan Pustak 04 Sarvdharmopasna

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Dharmanubandhi Vishva Darshan Pustak 04 Sarvdharmopasna" by Santbal, based on the provided pages:

This book, "Sarvadharma Upasana" (Worship of All Religions), is the fourth volume in the "Dharmanubandhi Vishva Darshan" (Religion-Linked World Vision) series, based on lectures by Muni Shri Santbalji. The book aims to explore the concept of universal worship and the integration of all religions.

Core Theme: Universal Worship and Interfaith Harmony

The central theme of the book is the exploration and promotion of "Sarvadharma Upasana" (universal worship) and "Sarvadharma Samanvay" (interfaith harmony). Muni Shri Santbalji, presented as a revolutionary Jain monk, advocates for a shift from narrow sectarianism towards a broader understanding and appreciation of all religions.

Key Arguments and Concepts:

1. Critique of Religious Divisions and Dogmatism:

   • The author begins by recounting personal experiences from childhood, highlighting how religious dogma often created artificial barriers and prejudices. Examples include prohibitions against drinking water from Muslim homes or eating food prepared by Muslims, despite practical interactions and reliance on their goods.
   • He criticizes the rigid adherence to sectarian rules (sampradayikta) which led to learning different versions of religious practices and a focus on external forms rather than inner substance.
   • The text strongly condemns religious intolerance, fanaticism, and the violence that has historically stemmed from it, citing examples from Indian history (Hindu-Muslim riots) and global history (Christian-non-Christian, Catholic-Protestant conflicts, persecution of Jews).
   • It argues that religion should not be used to incite hatred or conflict, and that dogmatic adherence to rituals or external symbols without understanding the underlying truth is detrimental.

2. The True Essence of Religion:

   • Santbalji posits that the true essence of religion lies not in rituals, dietary restrictions, or outward appearances, but in fostering a harmonious relationship between human life and the world ("manavjeevan-jagajivan ko susambandh"). Anything that creates animosity or division cannot be true religion.
   • In the scientific age, religion must shed its superficial layers and reveal its spiritual core, focusing on universal truths accessible through reason and facts, not just blind faith.

3. The Necessity of Interfaith Harmony (Sarvadharma Samanvay/Upasana):

   • The book argues that true religious understanding comes from integrating the core principles of all faiths. This is not about abandoning one's own tradition but about recognizing the shared universal values that underpin them.
   • The author uses the analogy of rivers merging into the ocean to illustrate how different religious paths, despite their unique forms, ultimately lead to the same ultimate truth.
   • He emphasizes that the goal should be to extract the essence ("sar") from each religion and discard the impurities or distortions that have accumulated over time due to dogmatism, ego, or selfish interpretations.

4. Critique of Existing Practices and a Call for Reform:

   • The text criticizes religious institutions and gurus who have become complacent or have strayed from the path of universal welfare.
   • It highlights the disconnect between the teachings of great religious founders and the practices of their followers. For instance, while Islam emphasizes peace, historical actions of rulers are often associated with violence. Similarly, while Jainism stresses non-violence, the author notes the need for introspection within the Jain community regarding practices.
   • The author identifies "sampraday" (sectarianism), "shraddha" (blind faith), and "sadhu/guru" as potential obstacles to interfaith harmony if not approached with discernment and critical thinking.

5. The Role of Reason and Experience:

   • In the modern scientific age, people seek truth and reality. Religions must provide this, moving beyond blind faith and superstition.
   • The importance of critical analysis and understanding the context (country, time, person) in which religious teachings were given is stressed.

6. Emphasis on Universal Values:

   • The book champions universal ethical principles like love, non-violence, truth, justice, and compassion as the common ground for all religions.
   • It advocates for understanding the positive aspects of each religion and integrating them, rather than focusing on differences or engaging in harmful proselytization ("vatalv Vrutti").

7. Practical Steps for Sarvadharma Upasana:

   • Understanding Core Principles: Grasping the fundamental truths of each religion.
   • Respect for Founders: Showing reverence for the founders and key figures of all religions.
   • Rectification of Abuses: Identifying and discarding harmful practices or superstitions that have infiltrated religions in the name of tradition.
   • Discernment: Critically examining religious practices and beliefs without blind adherence.
   • Universal Love and Compassion: Fostering a sense of belonging to one human family ("Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam") and extending compassion to all beings ("Ahimsa Paramo Dharma").
   • Active Participation: Encouraging people to engage with other religions, participate in interfaith events, and build bridges of understanding.

8. The Importance of Personal Transformation:

   • Ultimately, the book emphasizes that true religious practice is about personal transformation, moving from ego-centricity to universal consciousness. This is achieved through self-discipline, ethical conduct, and a spirit of service.

Specific Examples and Discussions:

• Early Life Experiences: The author's formative years in Rangoon and later in Kutch and Gurukul highlight the prevalence of inter-religious and intra-religious discrimination based on practices and beliefs.
• Interfaith Friendships: Experiences with Muslim and Christian friends during studies challenge ingrained prejudices about food and religious practices.
• The Sikh Experience: Visiting a Sikh hotel and learning about "Halali" and "Jhatka" meat, even within different religious communities, underscores the complexity and often arbitrary nature of dietary laws.
• Mumbai Riots: Witnessing communal violence in Mumbai vividly illustrates the tragic consequences of religious division.
• Comparative Religion: The book delves into the core teachings of Christianity (faith, hope, charity, Jesus's life, emphasis on love and forgiveness), Islam (unity of God, equality, principles of honesty and brotherhood, the context of Jihad), and Buddhism (Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, emphasis on the Middle Path, compassion).
• Vedic Dharma: The text explores the concept of 'Yajna' (sacrifice) in Vedic tradition, tracing its evolution from literal sacrifices to symbolic rituals of inner sacrifice and devotion. It discusses the Varna system and the fourfold Purusharthas (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha), advocating for a reinterpretation relevant to modern times.
• Jainism's Unique Contributions: The text specifically highlights Jainism's emphasis on Ahimsa (non-violence) in its most profound sense, including micro-level non-violence towards all living beings, and its concept of Anekantavada (many-sidedness of truth) as a foundation for interfaith understanding. The rigorous asceticism (Tapas) and the concept of universal spiritual attainment are also noted.
• The Need for Reform: The author recognizes that religions, despite their noble origins, have accumulated societal baggage and dogmatism. He calls for introspection and reform within each religion, guided by reason and universal ethical principles.
• The Role of Religious Leaders: Santbalji stresses the responsibility of religious leaders to act as guides, foster unity, and actively engage in societal welfare, shedding their own prejudices and sectarianism.

Overall Message:

"Sarvadharma Upasana" is a plea for religious tolerance, understanding, and the creation of a harmonious society where diverse faiths can coexist and contribute to the greater good. It encourages individuals to look beyond the superficial differences and embrace the shared spiritual and ethical foundations of all religions, ultimately working towards a unified vision of humanity and spiritual progress.