Dharmamrut

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Dharmamrut," in English:

This text is a review of "Dharmamrut," a significant Jain work translated into Hindi by Acharyaratna Shri Deshbhushan Ji Maharaj. The original author of "Dharmamrut" is Shri Nayasen, a poet whose work dates back to Shak Samvat 1176. Nayasen, who resided in Mulugund village, composed this work in both prose and poetry, divided into 14 sections (Ashvasas), with the primary aim of fostering devotion to Jinendra (Jain Tirthankaras).

Key Aspects of "Dharmamrut":

• Thematic Focus: The book elaborates on Samyagdarshan (Right Faith or True Perception), its eight cardinal principles, and the five major vows (Pancha Mahavratas) of Jainism.
• Narrative Style: Nayasen employs a narrative approach, using stories and illustrative examples to explain complex Jain philosophical concepts. This technique makes the teachings accessible and engaging for readers, allowing them to imbibe the essence of the teachings while being immersed in the stories. The reviewer highlights Nayasen's impactful and eloquent storytelling style.
• Structure and Content:
  • Introduction: The book begins with a Mangalacharan (auspicious invocation) in the traditional Indian poetic style, praising Lord Jinendra and seeking guidance for achieving supreme happiness. The Hindi translator, Acharyaratna, provides a scholarly explanation of this invocation, detailing the qualities of true deities like Arhat, Siddha, Acharya, and Guru.
  • Philosophical Discussion: Following the invocation, Nayasen briefly discusses the purpose of poetry, the difference between good and bad poets, the establishment of spiritual subject matter, and the distinction between Sanskrit and vernacular poetry.
  • Comparisons to Tulsidas: The reviewer draws a striking parallel between Nayasen's introductory discourse and the opening verses of Tulsidas's "Ramcharit Manas." Both poets express their intent to praise the divine in the vernacular, acknowledging the potential criticism from both appreciative and critical audiences, and demonstrating humility by recognizing their own limitations in the face of greater poets. Both also emphasize the importance of their work being beneficial to noble souls.
  • The Importance of Samyagdarshan: The text, presented as a discourse between Gautam Ganadhar (chief disciple of Mahavir Swami) and King Shrenik, asserts that Samyagdarshan is the sole means to attain eternal happiness by eradicating the cycle of birth, old age, and death. Without it, any pursuit of liberation is futile, likened to attempting to see without eyes or sow seeds without planting them.
  • The Eight Angas of Samyagdarshan: From the second to the ninth Ashvasas, the book meticulously details the eight angas: Nishanka (doubtlessness), Nishkankshata (non-desire), Nirvichikitsa (non-repulsion), Amudhadrishti (correct perception, not being deluded), Upagrihan (support or praise of the truth), Sthitikaran (establishing others in the truth), Vatsalya (affection for the virtuous), and Dharma-prabhavana (propagation of the faith). Nayasen illustrates each of these with compelling stories, making their practical application clear. The review mentions specific stories like those of King Arimanthana and Prince Lalitanga, Seth Priyadala's daughter Anantamati, King Uddayana, a wealthy Jinendra devotee, Varishana, Purohit Somadatta and Vajrakumar, and Acharya Akampana and King Jayavarma.
  • The Five Mahavratas: The final five Ashvasas are dedicated to the five major vows: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Achaurya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy/chastity), and Aparigraha (non-possession). These are described as "five gems" essential for achieving liberation, freeing individuals from the five cardinal sins. Nayasen explains these through five distinct narratives.
• Literary Significance: Beyond its religious importance, "Dharmamrut" is lauded for its literary merit. Nayasen's choice to compose in Kannada, rather than Sanskrit, was a significant achievement, enabling him to connect with a wider audience and effectively disseminate his philosophy. The book is noted for its captivating examples and effective use of rhetorical devices, particularly a rich array of similes. The reviewer praises Nayasen's skill in drawing comparisons from diverse aspects of folk life to vividly illustrate his points, comparing him to Sanskrit poets like Bana Bhatta.
• The Hindi Translation: Acharyaratna Shri Deshbhushan Ji Maharaj's Hindi translation is highly commended for its elegance and clarity. His scholarly annotations, commentaries, and interpretations reveal his profound knowledge, dedication to study, and unwavering faith. The translation is described as accessible and enjoyable, particularly for followers of Jainism.
• Contribution to Unity: The translation is seen not only as a service to the Hindi language and the Jain community but also as a bridge connecting the cultural consciousness of North and South India, thereby strengthening national unity.

In essence, "Dharmamrut" is a masterfully crafted Jain text that uses captivating narratives to illuminate the core principles of Samyagdarshan and the Pancha Mahavratas. The Hindi translation by Acharyaratna further enhances its reach and impact, making it a valuable contribution to both Jain literature and Indian cultural discourse.