Dharm Ane Panth 03

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Dharm ane Panth" (Religion and Sect) by Sukhlal Sanghavi and Bechardas Doshi, based on the provided text:

The text "Dharm ane Panth" explores the relationship between religion (Dharm) and its various sects or paths (Panth) within Jainism, advocating for harmony and understanding amidst diversity.

Core Argument: Religion as the Root, Sects as Branches

The central metaphor used is that of a tree. Dharm is presented as the fundamental substance or root, while Panth represents its various branches or manifestations. Just as branches originate from the same tree and share the same essence, different sects arise from the same core religion. Similarly, ornaments of different shapes are all made of the same gold. Therefore, sects that remain true to their foundational religion should view other sects originating from the same source not as enemies, but as diverse, varied expressions of the same truth.

Interpreting Diversity: From Conflict to Harmony

The authors acknowledge that historically, sects can lead to conflict. However, they argue that from the perspective of the speaker or observer, sects can also lead to unity and harmony. This harmony can be achieved by recognizing the common origin and purpose. The analogy of a harmonium is used: while each musical note (representing a sect) has a distinct sound, their combination creates harmony.

The Purpose of Diversity: Catering to Individual Inclinations

The text suggests that diversity in religious paths is natural because individuals have infinite qualities, but they cannot cultivate all of them simultaneously. Different religious founders or paths emphasize different aspects of the soul's potential. Some may prioritize knowledge (Gyana), while others focus on perception/faith (Darshan) or conduct/action (Charitra). This leads to different sects emphasizing these aspects to varying degrees.

The Importance of Balance: The Triad of Knowledge, Perception, and Conduct

True liberation (Moksha) in Jainism is achieved through the balanced development of right knowledge (Samyak Gyana), right perception (Samyak Darshan), and right conduct (Samyak Charitra). The text emphasizes that no one of these should be neglected. Those who prioritize one aspect should not ignore the others. This balanced approach, where each sect acknowledges and appreciates the strengths of others, transforms perceived opposition into mere diversity.

Examples of Diversity and Underlying Unity in Jainism:

• Three Main Sects: The text specifically mentions the Digambar, Shvetambar (including Sthanakvasi and Deravasi), and Tarntaran paths within Jainism. Despite differences in practices, they all originate from Jainism and share a common goal.
• Worship of Mahavir Swami: When Lord Mahavir is invoked, all Jains, regardless of their sect, will pay homage. This shared reverence highlights their fundamental unity as followers of the same spiritual father.
• Diversity in Practices: Differences in rituals, such as the timing of Samvatsari Pratikraman (whether on the 4th or 5th day), are seen as variations in the path, not in the ultimate goal. The intention (the desire to purify oneself from transgressions) is what matters.
• The Concept of "Murtipujak" (Idol Worshipper): The text challenges the negative connotation of "Murtipujak," arguing that all Jains, in their own way, are "Prabhupujak" (worshippers of the Lord). Whether through mental contemplation, remembrance, meditation, or the use of symbolic representations (like idols), the ultimate focus is on the Lord. The example of a Brahmin praying to Mahadev, describing the vastness of God's qualities beyond any material representation, illustrates this point. Similarly, the description of a prayer to Lord Parshvanath, focusing on the soul's purification from karmic "serpents" with the Lord as the "peacock," shows the underlying devotional intent even without explicit idol worship.
• Clothing Practices: The difference in clothing practices between Digambar Sadhus (clad in directions) and Shvetambar Sadhus (wearing minimal or no clothes, interpreted as "alpacalpa-vastra") is presented as a nuanced difference where the underlying principle of detachment from possessions is shared.

The Role of Syadvada (Anekantavada)

The text highlights Syadvada (the doctrine of manifold aspects or conditional predication) as the very soul of reconciliation and compromise. Syadvada acknowledges that truth can be viewed from multiple perspectives, and these differing viewpoints arise from a single underlying reality. This principle allows for the integration of diverse arguments and expectations. The saying "Munde munde mati bhinna" (each person has a different opinion) is true for the unlearned, but nature maintains unity even in apparent differences.

Conclusion: Embracing Unity for World Peace

The authors conclude by urging all followers to prioritize Lord Mahavir as the ultimate guide. By adopting his "Syadvada" or "Samadhanvad" (doctrine of reconciliation), all religious paths, sects, sub-sects, and groups can achieve harmony and contribute to global peace and progress. The ultimate aim should be to foster unity and understanding, turning perceived opposition into beneficial diversity.