Chatrapati Shivaji Charitra - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Chatrapati Shivaji Charitra" by Vaman Sitaram Mukadam, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Chatrapati Shivaji Charitra (The Biography of Chhatrapati Shivaji) Author: Vaman Sitaram Mukadam Publisher: Vaman Sitaram Mukadam Language: Gujarati

Overall Theme: The book is a biography of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, presented as a pivotal figure in awakening national consciousness among Hindus in India and the founder of Hindavi Swarajya (Swarajya of the people of Hind). The text emphasizes Shivaji's role as a protector of Hinduism and a leader who embodied the spirit of a victorious Hindu identity. It highlights his strategic brilliance, administrative skills, and unwavering commitment to establishing a righteous kingdom (Dharma Rajya), inspired by the ideals of Ram Rajya.

Key Aspects and Content:

Introduction and Dedication: The book begins with an "Arpan Patrika" (Dedication Letter) from the author, Vaman Sitaram Mukadam, dedicating the work to "Pujya Thakkar Bapa" (likely a respected figure, possibly relating to social reform or tribal welfare given the mention of "Bhil Sevamandal"). The author expresses gratitude for the recipient's kindness and support despite his flaws.
Preface (Prastavana): The preface, written by Kanhaiyalal Munshi (dated 26-8-1934), praises the author for presenting a detailed biography of Shivaji Maharaj to Gujaratis. Munshi highlights Shivaji's prominent place in the pantheon of modern Hindu ideals, seeing him as the embodiment of victorious Hindutva. He notes that Shivaji's memory resonates with all ages, fulfilling aspirations for Swarajya and showcasing imperial achievement. Munshi compares Shivaji to world conquerors like Alexander and Caesar, underscoring Shivaji's superior sacrifice and religious conviction. He praises Shivaji's organizational skills and genius, deeming them superior to Napoleon and Hannibal, who had pre-existing armies and kingdoms. The preface emphasizes Shivaji's ability to create something from nothing, building forts from stones and kingdoms from mountains, and his paramount military organization surpassing even that of the Mughals. Munshi concludes by stating that Shivaji's victories were as much about strategy as bravery, and he never strayed from courtesy, aiming to establish a kingdom of righteousness (Dharmarajya) with the ultimate vision of Ram Rajya. He even notes that Shivaji's adversary, Mir Raje Jaisingh, believed Shivaji was an avatar to re-establish Hinduism. Munshi expresses his confidence that Mukadam's book will provide both enthusiasm and utility.
Author's Note (Nivedan): The author, Vaman Sitaram Mukadam, explains the inspiration behind the book. He was prompted by Seth Shri Man Sukh Lall Chhaganlal, a philanthropist from Mumbai, during the Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha session in Surat in 1930. Chhaganlal suggested writing biographies of Shivaji Maharaj and Rana Pratap in simple, accessible Gujarati for rural farmers to foster a sense of Hindu identity and unity. Mukadam acknowledges his lack of formal literary training or deep knowledge of Gujarati language but accepted the responsibility due to his belief in the necessity of organizing Hindus and reawakening their spirit of Hindutva. He details the challenges he faced, including his participation in the Swarajya struggle, imprisonment, and the time it took to gather and study historical material. He credits several individuals for their help in providing books and study materials during his incarceration. He mentions the financial difficulties in publishing but expresses his gratitude to Sardar Vallabhbhai, Seth Lalji Narayanji, and others for their support.
Sources and Research: The book lists extensive sources in both English and Marathi, including works by prominent historians like Prof. Sir Jadunath Sarkar, C. V. Vaidya, Dr. Surendranath Sen, Justice M. G. Ranade, and V. D. Savarkar, as well as various Marathi chronicles and historical documents. This indicates a thorough research effort.
Structure and Content: The book is divided into multiple volumes and chapters, detailing Shivaji's life chronologically. The table of contents reveals extensive coverage of:
- Volume 1: Ancestors and lineage (Sisodia lineage, Bhosale family), Shivaji's childhood and education, Shahaji's role, Shivaji's early life in Bijapur, his father's influence, Mughal and Adilshahi interactions, administrative divisions of Mavla region, assembly at Rohideshwar, and key early events.
- Volume 2: Focuses on major campaigns and battles, including the encounter with Afzal Khan, the siege of Panhala fort, battles against Sidi Johar and Shahista Khan, and victories in various regions.
- Volume 3: Continues detailing Shivaji's military expeditions, administrative reforms, relations with foreign traders, and his concept of Ram Rajya.
Key Themes and Ideals:
- Hindutva and Dharma: The book strongly emphasizes Shivaji's commitment to defending and reviving Hinduism. His actions are portrayed as divinely inspired for the restoration of Dharma.
- Swarajya: The concept of self-rule and independence from foreign domination is central. Shivaji is presented as the architect of this ideal.
- Leadership and Strategy: Shivaji's military genius, strategic planning, administrative acumen, and ability to inspire loyalty are highlighted. His comparison to great historical leaders like Alexander, Caesar, Napoleon, and Hannibal underscores his exceptional qualities.
- Moral and Ethical Conduct: Despite the harsh realities of warfare, Shivaji is depicted as someone who adhered to high moral standards, particularly in his treatment of women and the principles of chivalry.
- Inspiration for Modern India: The preface and various testimonials suggest that Shivaji's life serves as a crucial inspiration for Indians in their own struggles for freedom and national identity, especially in the context of the early 20th century.
Testimonials: The book includes endorsements from prominent figures of the time, including M. K. Gandhi (Bapu), Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Babu Ramananda Chatterjee, N. C. Kelkar, and Khurshed F. Nariman. These testimonials uniformly praise Shivaji as a great leader, patriot, warrior, and statesman, whose life offers valuable lessons for national awakening and self-rule.
Genealogy and Origins: A significant portion of the early chapters is dedicated to establishing Shivaji's Rajput lineage, tracing his ancestry from Sisodia rulers of Mewar to his immediate ancestors, providing evidence from historical texts and inscriptions to support this claim.
Detailed Account of Life: The book covers Shivaji's personal life, including his upbringing, education, marriage, family relationships, and the influence of his mother, Jijabai, and his guru, Samarth Ramdas.
Administrative System: The text is expected to delve into Shivaji's administrative reforms, his organization of the army, his revenue system, and the establishment of various departments.
Religious Tolerance: Despite his strong Hindu identity, the text implicitly suggests, and is often cited, that Shivaji was not intolerant of other religions, displaying remarkable respect for religious sentiments.

Significance: This book appears to be a significant work aiming to revive and promote the legacy of Shivaji Maharaj as a national hero and a symbol of Hindu pride and self-rule, particularly for the Gujarati readership. Its detailed approach, historical sourcing, and endorsements from prominent nationalist figures of the time highlight its importance in the context of India's freedom struggle and the articulation of a Hindu national identity.

This summary covers the main points presented in the provided pages, capturing the essence of the author's intent and the book's content as indicated by the initial sections and table of contents.