Chakravarti Bharat - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Chakravarti Bharatdev" by Jaybhikkhu, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Chakravarti Bharatdev Author: Jaybhikkhu Publisher: Shri Jaybhikkhu Sahitya Trust

Overview: "Chakravarti Bharatdev" is a historical novel in Gujarati by Jaybhikkhu. It is part of the "Jaybhikkhu Janmashatabdi Granthavali" (Jaybhikkhu Birth Centenary Granthavali) series, published by Shri Jaybhikkhu Sahitya Trust. The book delves into the life and times of Chakravarti Bharat, the eldest son of the first Tirthankar, Lord Rishabhdev.

Synopsis of the Content (Based on provided pages):

The provided pages offer a glimpse into the epic narrative of Chakravarti Bharat's conquests and the moral and spiritual dimensions of his reign, all within the framework of Jain philosophy and ideals.

The Setting and the Era: The novel begins by depicting a time after the era of divine bounty (Kalpa-vriksha) and the age of enjoyment (Bhogbhumi) has passed. It is the era of the Karma-bhumi, where human effort and ethical conduct are paramount. The descriptions evoke a stark contrast between a past, vibrant civilization and a present state of desolation and decay, highlighting the impact of actions and the cyclical nature of time.
The Traveler's Journey and the State of the Land: The opening chapters introduce a traveler on a desolate path, reflecting the grim state of the land. This traveler, bearing the marks of battle, seems burdened by both physical and mental suffering. The narrative vividly paints a picture of a once-prosperous region now ravaged by conflict, where nature itself reflects the human suffering, with rivers no longer singing and forests barren. This sets a somber tone for the challenges that lie ahead.
The Rise of Chakravarti Bharat: The story gradually unfolds the emergence of Bharat, the son of Lord Rishabhdev. The text emphasizes Lord Rishabhdev's revolutionary teachings and societal reforms, including the introduction of agriculture and the concept of social responsibility. Bharat, influenced by his divine father, is presented as a leader destined to establish a righteous kingdom.
Bharat's Mission and the Churning of Values: After Lord Rishabhdev's renunciation, the world seems to have regressed, with a resurgence of negative tendencies. Bharat is tasked with re-establishing the principles of Dharma and righteousness. His journey is not just about military conquest but also about spiritual and moral victory. The novel explores the conflict between different ideologies and the challenges of maintaining ethical governance in a complex world.
The Fourteen Jewels (Chaturdash Ratna): The concept of the "Chakravarti's Fourteen Jewels" is introduced, symbolizing the elements that constitute a universal emperor's reign. These are categorized as seven living (sajiv) and seven non-living (nirjiv) jewels. The procurement and significance of these jewels are crucial for Bharat's mission. The novel highlights the meticulous planning and the gathering of these essential elements for his grand design.
The Conflict of Ideals and the Role of Women: The narrative touches upon the societal shifts brought about by Lord Rishabhdev's teachings, including changes in marriage customs. It also portrays the significant role of women, particularly Princess Sundari and Princess Subhadra, in influencing events and providing support. Subhadra's transformation and her unique approach to influencing Bharat are highlighted as pivotal.
The War and the Nature of Victory: The novel portrays the rigorous preparations for Bharat's military campaigns. The story emphasizes that Bharat's warfare is not merely about destruction but about establishing righteous governance and spreading virtuous principles. The concept of victory is presented as a means to achieve a higher moral and spiritual goal, not just territorial expansion. The efficacy of Bharat's unconventional strategies, like using fire and intricate planning, is showcased.
The Taming of Elements and the Nature of Power: Bharat's ability to overcome natural obstacles and seemingly insurmountable challenges, like the formidable Tamisra Caves and the treacherous rivers, demonstrates his extraordinary willpower and strategic genius. His encounters with different tribes, like the Plesh communities and the inhabitants of Tamisra, reveal his approach to integrating diverse cultures under his righteous rule.
The Importance of Ethics and Renunciation: The novel subtly weaves in Jain ethical principles. Bharat's internal struggles, his contemplation of his father's renunciation, and the influence of figures like Subhadra underscore the interplay between worldly power and spiritual detachment. The narrative questions the true meaning of strength – is it military might or inner resilience and ethical conduct?
The Philosophical Undertones: The interactions between Bharat, his advisors (Sumatisagar, Sushil), and various celestial and human figures offer philosophical insights into leadership, duty, the cyclical nature of existence, and the ultimate pursuit of liberation.
The Twelve-Year War and the Moral Dilemma: The novel illustrates a long-standing conflict, emphasizing the moral complexities of warfare and leadership. Bharat's determination to rule not through fear but through righteousness and his eventual renunciation of pride after realizing the cyclical nature of power and the existence of greater beings (like the previous Chakravartis) are key themes.
The "Play of Bharat" (Bharatnatyam): The narrative includes a unique theatrical performance, dubbed "Bharatnatyam," where Bharat himself portrays Lord Rishabhdev. This allegorical play aims to convey moral lessons and highlight the importance of spiritual realization. It also serves as a testament to Bharat's multifaceted personality – a warrior, a philosopher, and an artist.
The Encounter with Nami and Vinami: The story depicts Bharat's encounter with Nami and Vinami, who initially resist his rule but are eventually swayed by his righteousness and the persuasive arguments presented by his advisors. This encounter highlights the power of diplomacy and ethical persuasion in establishing a just empire.
The Significance of the Fourteen Jewels: The concept of the fourteen jewels is central to Bharat's legitimacy as a Chakravarti. Their acquisition and the respect shown to them are integral to the narrative. The novel emphasizes that true sovereignty lies not just in military power but in possessing and upholding these symbolic representations of cosmic order and righteousness.
The Nature of True Victory: Ultimately, the narrative suggests that Bharat's true victory lies not just in conquering territories but in winning over hearts and minds, in establishing Dharma, and in realizing the limitations of worldly power compared to spiritual strength and ethical conduct. His journey is a testament to the Jain ideals of non-violence (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), and self-control (Brahmacharya) in the context of leadership.

Themes: The novel explores themes of:

Dharma and Righteous Rule: Establishing and maintaining a just and ethical kingdom.
The Cycle of Time and Karma: The rise and fall of civilizations and the consequences of actions.
Spiritual vs. Worldly Power: The ultimate value of spiritual realization over material conquest.
The Importance of Wisdom and Diplomacy: Overcoming challenges through strategy and moral persuasion.
The Nature of True Strength: Inner strength and ethical conduct versus brute force.
The Role of Women: Highlighting the influence and capabilities of women in societal and political spheres.

In essence, "Chakravarti Bharatdev" appears to be a rich and layered historical novel that uses the life of a significant figure in Jain tradition to explore profound philosophical and ethical concepts within an engaging narrative.