Chaityavandanmahabhashyam

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Chaityavandan Mahabhashyam" by Acharya Rajshekhar Suri, with a Gujarati translation by Acharya Shrimad Vijay Gajgajakhorsurishwarji Maharaj and subsequent commentary by Acharya Shrimad Vijay Hirsurishwarji Maharaj and Acharya Shrimad Vijay Lalitsekhar Surishwarji Maharaj. The summary is based on the provided pages and catalog link.

Book Title: Chaityavandan Mahabhashyam Author: Acharya Rajshekhar Suri (Original work), with Gujarati translation and commentary by Acharya Shrimad Vijay Gajgajakhorsurishwarji Maharaj, Acharya Shrimad Vijay Hirsurishwarji Maharaj, and Acharya Shrimad Vijay Lalitsekhar Surishwarji Maharaj. Publisher: Shri Arihant Aradhak Trust Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005877/1

Overall Purpose: The "Chaityavandan Mahabhashyam" is an extensive commentary on the rituals and philosophy of Chaityavandan (veneration of Jain temples and idols) within the Jain tradition. It aims to provide a detailed explanation of the practice, addressing its significance, methodology, and the underlying principles. The text emphasizes the importance of sincere devotion (bhava) alongside ritualistic actions (dravya) in achieving spiritual progress and ultimately, liberation.

Key Themes and Sections:

1. Introduction and Publisher's Note (Pages 1-3):

   • The book is presented as a valuable spiritual guide.
   1. The publisher, Shri Arihant Aradhak Trust, expresses joy in releasing this work, following previous publications.
   • Financial contributions from various Jain Sangh (communities) and trusts are acknowledged, highlighting the collaborative effort in promoting spiritual knowledge.
   • A list of future publications is mentioned, indicating the trust's commitment to disseminating Jain literature.

2. Translator's Memoir (Page 4):

   • The translator, Acharya Rajshekhar Suri, shares his initial apprehension about translating the text due to the lack of a commentary on the original verses.
   • He attributes the successful completion of the translation to the grace of his revered gurus, Acharya Shrimad Vijay Premsurishwarji Maharaj and Acharya Shrimad Vijay Hirsurishwarji Maharaj.
   • He expresses gratitude to his guru, Acharya Shrimad Lalitshekhar Surishwarji Maharaj, for preparing the readable press copy and to Acharya Hembhushan Suriji for his guidance.
   • The contribution of Munishri Dharmshekhar Vijayji in editing and Munishri Harshshekhar Vijayji in proofreading is also acknowledged.
   • The text incorporates Sanskrit commentaries from other works where available, along with their translations.
   • The author concludes with an apology for any unintended deviation from the original intent.

3. Biographical Sketch of Vadi Vetal Acharya Shanti Suri (Pages 6-8):

   • This section provides a detailed account of the life and achievements of Acharya Shanti Suri, the original author of "Chaityavandan Mahabhashyam."
   • His lineage, upbringing, and early signs of intellect are described.
   • His rigorous training in logic and Jain scriptures under renowned scholars is highlighted.
   • His intellectual prowess is showcased through his victory in debates and the titles he earned, such as "Vadichakravarti."
   • His association with King Bhoj and his role in resolving scholarly disputes are narrated.
   • His contributions to literature, including the research on Dhanpal's "Tilakmanjari," are mentioned.
   • The text recounts his spiritual propagation, converting princes and leading families to Jainism.
   • Key works attributed to him are listed, including "Uttaradhyayan-Paaiy Tika" and "Sanghachar Chaityavandan Bhashya."
   • An anecdote about a divine prediction regarding his lifespan is shared.
   • His passing away after a 25-day fast on Mount Girnar is described, emphasizing his ascetic life and spiritual attainment.

4. The Importance of Idol Worship (Murti Puja) (Pages 9-16):

   • This extensive section addresses the common query about the benefit of worshipping idols, which are made of stone, when the actual divine beings are in liberation.
   • Purpose of Idol Worship:
     • Gratitude and Reverence: Idols serve as a means to express gratitude and honor towards the omniscient beings (Arihants), just as photographs of leaders or deceased parents evoke feelings of remembrance and respect. The example of Eklavya worshipping Dronacharya's statue to learn archery is cited.
     • Identification and Recognition: Idols act as a tool for recognizing and remembering the divine, similar to how photographs help identify missing persons or criminals.
     • Inspiration for Transformation: The sight of Jain images inspires individuals to emulate the virtues of the Jinas, leading them towards spiritual practice and self-improvement. The story of the wrestler Sendo, inspired by statues of warriors, illustrates this point.
     • Remembrance and Connection: Idols serve as a focal point for remembering the Jinas, their lives, and their teachings, evoking emotions and reinforcing spiritual commitment. The story of a Shravak's devotion to his wife's photograph is used as an example.
     • The Analogy of the Stone Cow: The argument that a stone cow cannot give milk, therefore idol worship is futile, is countered by explaining that the stone cow helps identify the real cow. Similarly, Jin idols help recognize the true Jin.
   • The Worship of Idols is True Worship of Divinity: The text argues that idol worship is fundamentally worship of the divine, not just the physical form. The example of Emperor Akbar and Birbal illustrates how the object of worship is the underlying sentiment and devotion, not merely the material. The idol becomes divine through the devotee's intention and the scriptural rituals (Pratishtha).
   • Idol Worship is Ancient: It is stated that idol worship is not a recent invention but has existed since ancient times, even when Jinas were physically present, as idols were used by devotees in distant places.

5. Critique of Idol Worship Opponents (Pages 14-15):

   • The text points out that even those who oppose idol worship engage in similar practices.
   • Examples:
     • Muslims venerating Pirs' figures, dancing before Tazia, and kissing the Kaaba's stone.
     • Christians keeping the cross (Jesus' image) in churches, praying before it, and offering garlands.
     • Followers of saints like Kabir and Nanak building and worshipping their Samadhis.
     • Parsis worshipping fire and the sun.

6. The Significance of Chaitya (Temple) (Page 20):

   • The text clarifies the meaning of "Chaitya," which refers to a Jain temple or idol. It also mentions that the tree under which the Jina gives his discourse is also called Chaitya. The commentary by Acharya Hemchandrasuri is cited to support this definition.

7. Benefits of Jin Puja (Page 20):

   • Protection from Sins: The time spent in Jin Puja is time saved from committing sins.
   • Spiritual Development: It awakens positive emotions, leading to the shedding of negative karma and the accumulation of meritorious karma, which can lead to qualities like right faith.
   • Material Happiness: It can also result in the attainment of worldly pleasures.
   • Spiritual Progress: It facilitates the attainment of liberation in the future.
   • Spiritual Guidance: It allows one to guide others towards the right path.

8. Detailed Rituals and Principles of Chaityavandan (Pages 21-36):

   • This section delves into the intricate details of performing Chaityavandan, covering:
     • The purpose of Chaityavandan: (Gatha 11) explained as essential for the purification of perception and karma elimination.
     • The time for Chaityavandan: Three times a day (morning, noon, evening).
     • The meaning of "Chaitya": Clarifying the term in relation to Jina worship. (Gathas 12-14)
     • The Authority of Practices (Acharana): Practices derived from tradition and virtuous individuals are considered valid even if their origin is unknown, provided they are free from violence, promote contemplation, and are followed by enlightened monks. (Gathas 15-25)
     • Discussions on Idol Placement and Worship: Debates on placing multiple idols, varying sizes, differential worship, intermingling of idol water, and the purpose of adorning idols are addressed. (Gathas 26-101)
     • Addressing Criticisms: The text refutes arguments against idol worship, emphasizing that the core is devotion and intention. (Gathas 102-111)
     • Types of Chaityavandan: Nine types are described. (Gathas 153-173)
     • Ritualistic Procedures: Detailed steps of Chaityavandan are provided, including the "Dashatrik" and various prayers like Namokar, Namostutaye, and Irriyavahiya. (Gathas 179-254, 363-497)
     • The Importance of Bhavana (Mental Contemplation): The text emphasizes the need for mental contemplation of the Jinas' three states (Pindastha, Padmastha, and Rupatita) during the ritual. (Gathas 217-224)
     • The Role of Intention and Devotion: The significance of sincere devotion, even in simple acts, is highlighted, contrasted with mere ritual without inner feeling. (Gathas 814-815)
     • Addressing Opponents' Arguments: The text addresses criticisms about the meaning of certain terms, the validity of practices, and the concept of "nirguna" (formless) versus "saguna" (form) worship.
     • The Purity of Intention: The text stresses that the purity of intention is paramount.
     • The Concept of Hinsa (Violence) in Puja: The text argues that the minor violence involved in rituals like using flowers or water is negligible compared to the spiritual benefits gained and the higher principle of Ahimsa practiced by the Jinas. (Gathas 17-25, 175-178, 430-448)
     • Examples and Analogies: Throughout the text, numerous examples and analogies from Jain scriptures and daily life are used to illustrate the principles and practices of Chaityavandan.

9. The Significance of Various Names of Jinas (Pages 37-41):

   • The text meticulously explains the etymology and significance of the names of the Tirthankaras, starting with Rishabhdev and Vird.
   • Each name is linked to specific events, divine occurrences, or virtues associated with that Tirthankara, providing deep insights into their lives and teachings. For example, Rishabhdev's name is linked to his teaching of arts and his role as the first Tirthankara. Veer is linked to his victory over Sangam.
   • The names are presented as not merely labels but as encapsulations of their spiritual journey and cosmic significance.

10. Concluding Remarks and Blessings (Pages 42-44):

    • The text concludes with prayers and blessings for the readers and the Jain community.
    • The importance of the Sangh (community) and the guidance of the Jinas are reiterated.
    • The author expresses a hope for continued spiritual growth and the ultimate attainment of liberation.

Overall Message: "Chaityavandan Mahabhashyam" serves as a comprehensive guide for Jains to understand and practice Chaityavandan with devotion, sincerity, and adherence to scriptural principles. It defends the practice against criticisms by highlighting its spiritual benefits and its role in fostering gratitude, inspiration, and ultimately, liberation. The work meticulously explains the rituals, the names of Tirthankaras, and the philosophical underpinnings of these practices, aiming to deepen the reader's connection with the Jinas and their teachings.