Bhav Sangrahadi

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Bhav Sangrahadi," authored by Pannalal Soni and published by Manikchand Digambar Jain Granthamala Samiti. The book contains four texts: Prakrit Bhav Sangrah, Sanskrit Bhav Sangrah, Bhav-Tribhangi, and Asrav-Tribhangi.

Here's a breakdown of each section based on the provided text:

Book Title: Bhav Sangrahadi Author: Pannalal Soni Publisher: Manikchand Digambar Jain Granthamala Samiti Publication Date: Kartik, Veer Nirvana Samvat 2447 / Vikram Samvat 1978 (First Edition)

Contents:

The collection comprises four Jaina works:

1. Prakrit Bhav Sangrah (प्राकृत भाव संग्रह):

   • Author: Acharya Devsen, disciple of Shrivimalasen Ganadhar. He is likely the same as the author of Nayachakra and Darshan Sar.
   • Time Period: Tenth century Vikram Samvat (as he composed Darshan Sar in Vikram Samvat 990).
   • Published Works: Five known works in Prakrit: Darshan Sar, Tattvasar, Aradhana Sar, Nayachakra, and this Bhav Sangrah. Other works like Gyansar and Dharmasangrah are heard of but not yet found.
   • Manuscripts: Revised based on two manuscripts.
     • 'ka' manuscript: From the Saraswati Bhandar of the Patodi Temple in Jaipur, obtained via Pt. Indralalji Shastri. Written in Samvat 1558, it is very accurate.
     • 'kha' manuscript: From the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune (No. 1463, 1886-92). This manuscript includes a detailed inscription about the donor family (from the Godha lineage of the Khandewal caste) and was donated to Som Brahmachari as part of the Udhyapan (dedication ceremony) of Ashtahnik Vrat. It was written in Mojabad in the Jaipur state. This manuscript's Sanskrit is very inaccurate.
   • Content Observation: The 'kha' manuscript contains numerous quotations from other works, likely added by a later scribe, not the original author, as it includes verses from Pt. Vamdev's Sanskrit Bhav Sangrah (16th century Vikram) and Yashastilak Champu (completed in Vikram Samvat 1016).

2. Sanskrit Bhav Sangrah (संस्कृत भाव संग्रह):

   • Author: Pandit Vamdev.
   • Lineage: Disciple of Acharya Laxmichandra of Moolasangha, born in the Nagam kula (likely a sub-caste of Kayastha). The text notes that prominent scholars like Mahakavi Harichandra and Dayasundar were also from the Kayastha caste.
   • Time Period: Estimated to be from the 15th or 16th century Vikram Samvat, as the exact composition date is not mentioned. He quotes from 'Jin Samhita' as being from the 14th century Vikram.
   • Other Works: Six other works attributed to him are listed in the Sanskrit Granth Suchi of the late Baba Dulichandji: Pratishtha Sukta Sangrah, Tattvartha Sar, Trilok Deepika, Shrut Gyano Dhyapan, Trilok Sar Puja, and Mandir Sanskar Puja. The finding of even one or two of these would help determine his time more precisely.
   • Relationship to Prakrit Bhav Sangrah: It is largely a Sanskrit translation of the Prakrit Bhav Sangrah, with several modifications, additions, and corrections by Pt. Vamdev. However, it is not considered a completely independent work.
   • Manuscripts: Revised based on two manuscripts. One is from the collection of the late Seth Manikchandji in Choupati, estimated to be at least 300 years old. The other is with Pt. Udaylalji Kaliwal, which was copied by Pt. Amolchandji Udesariy in Vikram Samvat 1964 from an ancient manuscript in the Mahasabha's Saraswati Bhandar. The Choupati manuscript is generally pure.

3. Bhav-Tribhangi (भाव-त्रिभङ्गी) and 4. Asrav-Tribhangi (आस्रव-त्रिभङ्गी):

   • Author: Acharya Shrut Muni.
   • Guru: The final stanza of the latter work mentions "Jai" (victory chant) for Balchandra Muni, who destroyed the influence of Kamdev and was revered by disciples. This indicates Balchandra was a revered figure for Shrut Muni.
   • Further Information: A palm-leaf manuscript of Bhav-Tribhangi exists in the Jain Siddhant Bhavan in Arrah, containing seven additional verses not present in the printed version. These verses clarify that Balchandra Muni was Shrut Muni's Diksha Guru (initiation teacher). The verses also mention other scholars, aiding in time determination.
   • Key Figures Mentioned (from the additional verses):
     • Balachandra Muni: Gave Shravak (lay disciple) initiation to Shrut Muni.
     • Abhayachandra: An Acharya of the Moolasangha, Deshiya Gana, Pustak Gachha, and Kundakunda Amnaya. He was prominent among the munis of Inglesh place. He was well-versed in grammar, dharma shastra, and logic, and conquered all opposing debaters. Balachandra Muni was his disciple. Shrut Muni took Muni Diksha from him and also studied scriptures.
     • Prabhachandra: An expert in Saratrai (Samaysar, Panchastikay, Pravachansar). He was free from external influences and enlightened beings. He was also a scriptural teacher to Shrut Muni.
     • Charukeerti: A master of Naya, Nikshepa, and Pramana, who conquered external religious adherents and was worshipped by kings. He was known for his valiant adherence to the Jaina path.
   • Time Period of Shrut Muni: Based on the Karnataka Kavi Charita, Balachandra Muni's time is estimated around Vikram Samvat 1330. This work states that Balachandra Muni wrote a commentary on Dravya Sangrah in Shak Samvat 1195 (Vikram Samvat 1330) and mentions his guru as Abhayachandra. Thus, Shrut Muni is estimated to be a scholar of the 14th century Vikram, existing around Vikram Samvat 1330.
   • Charukeerti Name: This is a recurring name for the Bhattaraks of Shravanabelgola. The Karnataka Kavi Charita suggests this title was adopted after Vikram Samvat 1174. The Charukeerti praised in the inscription might be the second or third holder of this title.
   • Prabhachandra: The epithet 'Sararatraynipuna' is given to Prabhachandra, and the collected manuscript list includes commentaries on Natak Samaysar and others by Prabhachandra, indicating they are the same person.
   • Shrut Muni's Nirvana: An inscription of 75 verses by Mangraj Kavi at Shrut Muni's Nishedya (place of spiritual retreat or samadhi) in Shravanabelgola states that the Nishedya was established in Shak Samvat 1355 (Vikram Samvat 1490). It primarily praises Shrut Keerti, Charukeerti, Yogirat Pandita Charya, and Shrut Muni, calling him a great scholar who died in Samadhi. If the Nishedya's establishment date is also his date of death, then Shrut Muni might be different from the author of Bhav-Tribhangi and lived later. However, if the inscription was made 100-125 years after his death, then the Nishedya and praise could belong to him.
   • Bhav-Tribhangi Name: It is also known as 'Bhav Sangrah' in many manuscripts.
   • Publication: Both Bhav-Tribhangi and Asrav-Tribhangi were published based on a worn-out manuscript from a Terapanthi temple in Mumbai, which lacked date information but was generally accurate.
   • Contribution of Pannalal Soni: He provided Sanskrit translations (Chhaya) for all three Prakrit texts in this collection, as the original manuscripts lacked them.

General Acknowledgements: The publishers express gratitude to the authorities of the libraries and Saraswati Bhandars whose manuscripts aided in the publication of these works and hope for continued assistance.

List of Published Works (Manikchand Digambar Jain Granthamala): The text includes a list of 20 previously published works by the Granthamala, such as Laghiyastrayaadi Sangrah, Sagardharmaamrit, Vikrant Kaurav Natak, Aradhana Sar, Nayachakra Sangrah, and Moolachar. It also mentions three more works in publication: Nitivakyarmrit, Siddhant Saradi Sangrah, and Ratnakard Tika.

Language: The collection includes works in Prakrit and Sanskrit, with Sanskrit translations provided by Pannalal Soni.

Overall Purpose: The book aims to preserve and disseminate these important Jaina texts, focusing on the concept of "Bhava" (states of the soul or existence) and "Asrava" (influx of karma) within Jaina philosophy. The detailed description of manuscripts and scholarly analysis by the editor and publisher highlights the academic rigor behind this collection.