Bharat Ke Digambar Jain Tirth Part 3

Summary of "Bharat ke Digambar Jain Tirth Part 3: Madhya Pradesh"

This book, the third volume in a series about Digambar Jain pilgrimage sites in India, focuses on the Jain pilgrimage sites located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Published in 1976 by the Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Tirthakshetra Committee, it was authored by Balbhadra Jain and brought out under the auspices of Bharatiya Gyanpeeth. The book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these sacred sites, covering their mythological, historical, architectural, and artistic aspects.

The preface highlights the profound significance of Tirthas (pilgrimage sites) in Jainism, explaining that they are places where Tirthankaras or revered ascetics achieved liberation (Nirvana) or experienced significant life events (Kalyanaks). These locations are sanctified by their presence and become centers of faith and devotion. The book defines Tirtha as a means to cross the ocean of worldly existence (Samsara), with the teachings and lives of Jinas being the primary Tirthas. It also touches upon the concept of Kshetra-Mangal, which refers to areas of spiritual significance related to the Kalyanak events of Tirthankaras or the Nirvana of Kevalis.

The text then delves into the classification of Tirthas within the Digambar Jain tradition into three categories:

1. Siddha Kshetra (Nirvana Kshetra): Places where Tirthankaras or other revered monks attained Nirvana.
2. Kalyanak Kshetra: Places associated with the birth, initiation, or Kevala Jnana (omniscience) of Tirthankaras.
3. Atishay Kshetra: Places where miracles or extraordinary phenomena related to deities or idols are reported, inspiring greater faith.

The book emphasizes that the sanctity of a Tirtha originates from the presence and spiritual power of the great souls who resided or achieved liberation there. It details the reasons for the formation of Tirthas, primarily stemming from the gratitude of devotees towards these Mahapurushas and the desire to commemorate the divine events associated with them.

The text meticulously categorizes the pilgrimage sites within Madhya Pradesh, based on ancient janapadas (regions):

• Chendi Janpad: This section covers numerous sites including Sinhonia, Gwalior, Manhar-dev, Sonagiri, Pataian-Barai, Khaniyadhana, Golakot, Pachrai, Bajrangarh, Thuboun, Chanderi, Khandargiri, Gurilagiri, Budhi Chanderi, Amanchar, Bhamon, Bhiyadat, Bithla, Papra, Ahar, Bandha, Khajuraho, Dronagiri, Reshandigiri (Nainagiri), Pajannari, Beena-Baraha, Patnagan, Ajaygarh, Karitlai, and Patiyanadai.
• Sukosal Janpad: This covers Kundalpur, Lakhnadoun, Madhiya, Tripuri, Barahatha, Koni-ji, Panagar, and Bahoriband.
• Dasharna-Vidarbha Janpad: This includes Udayagiri, Pathari, Udaipur, and Gyarasapur.
• Malwa-Avanti Janpad: This covers Maksi Parshvanath, Ujjain, Badnawar, Gandharvapuri, Chulagiri, Talanpur, Pavagiri, Siddhavarkoot, and Banadiya.

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the detailed description of each of these sites. For each location, it provides information on:

• Location and Connectivity: Details on how to reach the site, including nearest railway stations, road access, and bus services.
• Historical and Mythological Significance: Legends, historical anecdotes, and mythological connections associated with the place, often linking them to Tirthankaras or revered ascetics.
• Archaeological Findings: Information about ancient temples, idols, inscriptions, and other ruins that attest to the antiquity and importance of the site.
• Miracles and Faith: Descriptions of the miracles (Atishays) reported at various sites and the devotion of pilgrims.
• Temple Architecture and Sculptures: Details about the construction of temples, the style of architecture, and the artistic merit of the idols and other sculptures.
• Festivals and Activities: Mention of important festivals celebrated at the sites and any notable rituals.
• Accommodation and Facilities: Information about dharamshalas (pilgrim accommodations) and other amenities for visitors.

The text also includes a section on Jain Archaeology in Madhya Pradesh, highlighting the rich heritage of Jain art and architecture found across the state. It discusses the prevalence of Tirthankara sculptures, the influence of various dynasties like the Guptas, Chandelas, Kalchuris, and Parmaras on Jain art, and the significance of inscriptions found at these sites.

Furthermore, the book provides details about the worship methodology, discussing the eight substances used in Puja, the differing opinions on the use of living versus non-living items, and the importance of sincere devotion over mere ritualistic practices. It also touches upon the purpose of Tirtha Yatra as a means of self-purification and spiritual upliftment.

The text also includes a detailed section on the history and significance of sculptures, mentioning their evolution and the impact of different periods on their artistic style. It discusses the practice of Tirtha Puja and the various ways it is performed, along with the differences in practices among various Jain traditions. The book also highlights the importance of Tirtha Yatra timings and advises pilgrims to plan their journeys considering favorable seasons and accessibility.

The book concludes with detailed descriptions of numerous specific pilgrimage sites within Madhya Pradesh, providing historical context, architectural details, and the associated legends for each. It also includes information about the efforts made for the preservation and renovation of these sites. The information is presented in a structured manner, making it a valuable resource for anyone interested in Jain pilgrimage and heritage in Madhya Pradesh.