Bharat Ke Digambar Jain Tirth Part 1

This document, "Bharat ke Digambar Jain Tirth Part 1" (Jain Tirths of India, Part 1), compiled and edited by Balbhadra Jain and published by the Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Mahasabha in November 1974, is a comprehensive guide to Digambar Jain pilgrimage sites in Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The publication was initiated to commemorate the 2500th Nirvana Mahotsava of Lord Mahavir.

The book provides a historical, religious, and cultural overview of Jainism in the region, with a particular focus on its significant pilgrimage sites. The author highlights the importance of these sites as places where Tirthankaras were born, attained omniscience, or achieved liberation (Nirvana). It also emphasizes the role of art, architecture, and historical narratives in enhancing the sanctity and appeal of these locations.

The first volume covers the following regions and their respective Jain Tirths, based on ancient territorial divisions:

• Kurujaangal and Shursen Janapadas: Hastinapur, Parasnath ka Kila, Badgaon, Mathura, Agra, Shauripur, Chandwar, Marasalganj.
• Uttarakhand Janapada: Ashtapad (Kailash), Shrinagar.
• Panchal Janapada: Ahichhatra, Kampila.
• Kashi and Vatsa Janapadas: Varanasi, Singhpuri, Chandrapuri, Prayag, Kaushambi, Pabhasa.
• Koshal Janapada: Ayodhya, Ratanpuri, Trilokpur, Shravasti, Kakandi, Kakubhgram, Pava (new).
• Chedi (Bundelkhand) Janapada: Devgarh, Siron, Girar, Saironji, Pawa (Pavagiri), Kshetrapal (Lalitpur), Balabehat, Chandpur-Jahajpur, Dudhai, Banpur, Madanpur, Karguan.

Key aspects discussed within the text include:

• Definition and Significance of Tirtha: The text delves into the etymology of the word "Tirtha" and its manifold meanings in Jain scriptures, emphasizing its role as a means of crossing the ocean of worldly existence.
• Classification of Tirths: It categorizes Tirths into three types:
  • Nirvana Kshetra (Siddh Kshetra): Places where Tirthankaras or highly accomplished monks attained Nirvana.
  • Kalyanak Kshetra: Places where significant life events (Garbha, Janma, Diksha, Kevalgyana) of Tirthankaras occurred.
  • Atishay Kshetra: Places known for miraculous events or divine manifestations, often associated with temples and idols.
• Historical and Cultural Background of Uttar Pradesh: The text provides a detailed account of the historical and cultural evolution of Uttar Pradesh, tracing its connection to the origins of Jainism, the establishment of societal and religious structures, and the influence of various dynasties and events. It highlights the region's significance as the birthplace of 18 out of the 24 Tirthankaras.
• Detailed Descriptions of Tirths: For each major Tirth mentioned, the book offers:
  • Location and Travel Routes: Information on how to reach the Tirth.
  • Historical and Mythological Significance: Accounts of Tirthankara events, legends, and historical anecdotes associated with the site.
  • Architectural and Artistic Features: Descriptions of temples, idols, sculptures, inscriptions, and other artistic elements.
  • Archaeological Findings: Details of excavations and discoveries that shed light on the ancient history of the sites.
  • Folklore and Local Beliefs: Traditional stories and beliefs prevalent among devotees.
  • Current Status and Facilities: Information about existing temples, dharamshalas (rest houses), and other facilities for pilgrims.
• The Role of Tirths in Spiritual Development: The text emphasizes that visiting Tirths is not merely a ritual but a means for self-purification, introspection, and spiritual growth, encouraging devotees to draw inspiration from the lives and teachings of the Tirthankaras.
• Practices and Etiquette: The book offers guidance on pilgrimage practices, including the importance of devotion, respect for local customs, and appropriate conduct at sacred sites.
• The Influence of the Tirth Kshetra Committee: The publisher, Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Tirth Kshetra Committee, Mumbai, outlines its role in preserving and promoting these pilgrimage sites, and appeals for public contribution towards this endeavor.
• Detailed Appendices: The volume includes appendices on Delhi, Podanpur-Takshashila, and a concise overview of Digambar Jain Tirths in Uttar Pradesh with travel routes. It also features lists of scriptures referenced and illustrations.

The book aims to be a comprehensive resource for understanding the rich heritage of Digambar Jain pilgrimage sites in Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, encouraging religious devotion and cultural appreciation. The dedication of the first volume to Lord Mahavir's Nirvana Mahotsava underscores the spiritual purpose behind this extensive compilation.