Bhagwan Parshwanath

This document is a comprehensive book titled "Bhagwan Parshwanath" by Sunandaben Vohra, published by Shree Jaybhikkhu Sahitya Trust. It is part of the "Jain Darshan Parichay Shreni" (Introduction to Jain Philosophy Series), specifically Series 2, Book 3.

The book details the life and teachings of Bhagwan Parshwanath, the 23rd Tirthankar in Jain tradition. It begins by highlighting his significance, likening him to a "Parasmani" (touchstone) that can transform ordinary beings into noble ones through devotion.

Key aspects covered in the book include:

• The Context of His Birth: The text describes the socio-religious conditions of ancient India, where rituals and sacrifices were prevalent, often with a lack of true understanding and an inclination towards violence. Bhagwan Parshwanath's advent is presented as a divine light to dispel this darkness.
• Descent from the Heavens: The narrative recounts his birth in Varanasi to King Ashwasen and Queen Vama. Queen Vama's fourteen auspicious dreams are described, which the dream interpreters foretold would signify the birth of a Tirthankar possessing great virtues.
• Divine Celestial Presence: The book explains how, upon the conception of a Tirthankar, celestial beings are drawn to the mother's presence, assisting and conversing with her. It illustrates this with conversations where the divine beings acknowledge the spiritual prowess residing within Queen Vama's womb.
• Birth and Early Life: The auspicious birth of Bhagwan Parshwanath is detailed, including the celebrations by the celestial beings on Mount Meru. His name, Parshwanath, is derived from a dream of a serpent (Pashva) seen by his mother. Despite being born with innate knowledge, he participated in worldly education to uphold social norms.
• Display of Valour and Compassion: The book recounts an incident where Prince Parshva, at the request of his father, intervenes in a conflict caused by King Yavana's desire for Princess Prabhavati. Parshva Kumar resolves the conflict not through war but through peaceful negotiation and his inherent spiritual power, demonstrating his commitment to non-violence.
• The Story of Kamat (Meghmali): A significant portion of the book is dedicated to the past lives of Bhagwan Parshwanath and his persistent adversary, Kamat. The narrative traces their transmigration through numerous lives, highlighting Kamat's relentless animosity and Parshva's enduring compassion. These past lives illustrate the concept of karma and the impact of intentions and actions.
  • Key past lives covered include: Marubhuti and Kamat (as humans, elephant and serpent), Dev and Narak, Vidyadhar and Ajgar, Dev and Narak, Prince and Bhil, Dev and Narak, Prince Anand and Singh.
  • The story of Marubhuti and Kamat's first life, where Kamat's envy leads to murder, is particularly detailed, showing the long-standing karmic connection.
• Renunciation and Asceticism: The book describes Parshva Kumar's detachment from worldly pleasures and his decision to renounce the throne to embrace asceticism. He undertakes severe penance and adheres to the vows of Jainism.
• The Trials of Meghmali (Kamat): The text vividly portrays Meghmali (Kamat in a celestial form) attempting to torment Bhagwan Parshwanath during his meditation. This includes sending insects, scorpions, snakes, and creating a deluge. Bhagwan Parshwanath, through his equanimity and spiritual strength, endures these afflictions.
• Attainment of Omniscience (Keval Gyana): The book details the moment Bhagwan Parshwanath attained Keval Gyana (omniscience) on the Chaturthi of the dark fortnight of the month of Chaitra. This is described as a moment of immense spiritual radiance, celebrated by celestial beings.
• The Samavsaran: The establishment of the Samavsaran, a divine assembly for preaching, is described. It is a multi-tiered structure designed to accommodate humans, animals, and celestial beings, reflecting the inclusivity of Bhagwan Parshwanath's teachings.
• Teachings and Principles: The book elaborates on the core tenets of Jainism as taught by Parshwanath, focusing on his four main vows: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Achaurya (non-stealing), and Aparigraha (non-possession). It emphasizes the importance of internal purity and intention in practicing these vows. The text also notes that in Parshwanath's time, Brahmacharya (celibacy) was considered an integral part of Aparigraha.
• Nirvana (Moksha): The book concludes by describing Bhagwan Parshwanath's attainment of Nirvana at Sammet Shikhar after completing his lifespan of 100 years. His departure brought a sense of darkness but also represented liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
• Characteristics of Disciples and Societal Changes: The book briefly touches upon the evolving mental disposition of disciples across different Tirthankaras, noting a decline in simplicity and an increase in cleverness and stubbornness over time, which affects the practice of penance.
• The Influence of Dharanendra and Padmavati: The book highlights the special devotion of Dharanendra and Padmavati, the celestial serpent king and queen, who were once transformed from snakes by Bhagwan Parshwanath's grace. Their role in aiding devotees and their continued presence and worship are emphasized.

In essence, "Bhagwan Parshwanath" serves as an enlightening biography that not only chronicles the life of this revered Tirthankar but also imparts the profound philosophical and ethical principles of Jainism, emphasizing compassion, self-control, and the pursuit of spiritual liberation. The narrative of his past lives underscores the karmic journey of the soul and the ultimate triumph of virtue and spiritual endeavor.