Bhagwan Mahavir Ki Parampara Evam Samsamayik Sandarbh

This book, "Bhagwan Mahavir ki Parampara Evam Samsamayik Sandarbh" (The Tradition of Lord Mahavir and Contemporary Contexts) by Dr. Trilok Chandra Kothari and edited by Dr. Sudeep Jain, published by Trilok Ucchastariya Adhyayan Evam Anusandhan Sansthan, offers a comprehensive exploration of the Jain tradition, focusing on Lord Mahavir and its relevance in the present day.

Here's a summary of its key aspects based on the provided text:

Core Purpose and Approach:

• The book aims to provide a factual and historically grounded introduction to the Jain tradition and Lord Mahavir's lineage, filling a perceived gap in literature that is both scholarly yet accessible to a broader audience.
• It adopts a methodical approach, presenting complex topics with depth while acknowledging different viewpoints ("mat-mataantar").
• The work is structured into five sections to cover a wide range of subjects within a concise format.

Key Themes and Structure:

The book is divided into five main sections:

1. Jain Dharma ki Prishthbhumi aur Bhagwan Mahavir (Background of Jainism and Lord Mahavir):

   • This section establishes the ancient and prestigious background of the Nirgrantha Jain tradition in India, highlighting its continuous flow throughout history.
   • It emphasizes that Jainism is not merely a branch of Buddhism but a much older, prehistoric religion.
   • It details the concept of the 24 Tirthankaras, starting with Rishabhdev (whose eldest son Bharat lent his name to India) and culminating with Lord Mahavir.
   • It discusses the historical and philosophical context of the times, Lord Mahavir's teachings of Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, and Aparigraha, and the social reform he brought about, particularly regarding the equality of all beings and the inclusion of women and lower castes.
   • The historical significance of Tirthankaras like Rishabhdev (as the progenitor of human culture and societal structure), Neminath, Parshvanath, and Lord Mahavir is elaborated upon.

2. Mahavir-Uttar Yug aur Jainaacharya Parampara (Post-Mahavir Era and the Tradition of Jain Acharyas):

   • This extensive section traces the lineage of Jain Acharyas from the time of Lord Mahavir onwards.
   • It meticulously lists and describes the contributions of numerous prominent Acharyas, starting from the Ganadharas (disciples of Mahavir) like Indrabhuti Gautam, and progressing through various periods and schools of thought.
   • The evolution of Jain literature, the preservation and compilation of the Agamas (sacred texts) like the Dwadasangi Shruta, and the development of different philosophical and literary genres are highlighted.
   • Key figures like Gunadhar, Dharasen, Pushpadant, Bhootbali, Kundakunda, Akalankdev, Somdev, Manatung, and Vidyanandi are discussed for their significant contributions to Jain philosophy, logic, literature, and commentary.
   • The development of different languages like Prakrit, Apabhramsha, and Sanskrit in Jain literature is also touched upon.

3. Jain Bhattarak Parampara evam uska Yogdan (The Bhattarak Tradition and its Contribution):

   • This section focuses on the Bhattarak tradition, which emerged as a unique feature of Digambara Jainism, particularly during medieval times.
   • It explains the role of Bhattarakas as spiritual leaders, custodians of knowledge, patrons of literature and art, and social organizers.
   • The text discusses the historical context of the Bhattarak system, its origins, its influence in establishing scriptural repositories (shastra-bhandars), and its role in temple construction and idol installation.
   • It also touches upon the gradual decline of the Bhattarak tradition due to various factors, including internal issues and the rise of other movements within Jainism (like the Terapanth).
   • The geographical spread of Bhattarak seats, particularly in Rajasthan and South India, is noted.

4. Samasamayik Sandarbhon mein Mahavir Parampara (Mahavir's Tradition in Contemporary Contexts):

   • This section delves into the contemporary social and cultural life of the Digambara Jain community.
   • It addresses the prevalent caste system within the Jain community, its origins (historical, geographical, and occupational influences), and the significant role of various sub-castes (like Khandelwal, Agarwal, Parwar, Baghelwal, Jaiswal, etc.) in preserving Jain traditions and contributing to society.
   • It highlights the efforts of various Jain organizations in the 20th century to revitalize Jainism, promote its teachings, restore ancient sites, and publish Jain literature.
   • The efforts towards social reform, such as advocating for simple weddings (samuhik vivah), promoting education, and addressing caste-based discrimination, are discussed.
   • The revival of the Nirgrantha (unclothed ascetic) tradition in the 20th century with the emergence of prominent Acharyas like Shantisagar, Vidyanand, and Vidyasagar is a key focus.
   • The text also discusses the establishment of institutions like the Jain Mahamandal, the Jain Parishad, and the ongoing efforts in propagating Jainism and its principles.

5. Vishvabhar mein Jain Dharm ka Itivritt evam Vartaman Sthiti (History and Current Status of Jainism Worldwide):

   • This section explores the spread of Jainism beyond India, detailing its presence and influence in various countries across Asia, Europe, and the Americas.
   • It provides information about Jain communities, temples, libraries, and study centers in places like Japan, Germany, England, Canada, and the USA.
   • The historical evidence of Jain influence in ancient civilizations like those of Egypt, Greece, and even in early Jewish traditions is presented, citing archaeological findings and scholarly interpretations.
   • The book acknowledges the challenges faced by Jainism in preserving its identity in different cultural contexts while also celebrating its resilience and continued propagation through global outreach.

Overall Significance:

"Bhagwan Mahavir ki Parampara Evam Samsamayik Sandarbh" is presented as a valuable scholarly work that bridges the gap between historical research and general understanding of the Jain tradition. It aims to equip readers, from researchers to curious individuals, with a comprehensive and accurate perspective on the rich heritage of Jainism, its evolution, and its enduring relevance in the modern world. The book's dedication to Acharya Shri Vidyanand Ji Muni Maharaj underscores its spiritual and scholarly depth.