Bhagwan Mahavir Ke Jivan Sutra

Here is a comprehensive summary in English of the Jain text "Bhagwan Mahavir ke Jivan Sutra" by Shreechand Surana, based on the provided PDF excerpt:

The text, "Bhagwan Mahavir ke Jivan Sutra" (Life Principles of Lord Mahavir), authored by Shreechand Surana 'Saras', presents Lord Mahavir's teachings as practical life principles that can help individuals lead a well-rounded existence. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating knowledge and action, connecting with gentle truth, and practicing Dharma with discernment.

Core Principles of Lord Mahavir's Life Teachings:

The article highlights two primary life principles derived from Lord Mahavir's teachings:

1. Thoughtful Action (Meditation and Activity):

   • Distinguishing Human from Animal Life: The fundamental difference between human and animal life is that animal life is primarily driven by instinct and activity without contemplation. Human life, however, is characterized by contemplation and thoughtful action. Humans think before they act, which prevents future regret. They set goals for their actions, determine the nature of their activities, and consider the outcomes before engaging in them.
   • "Padhamam Naanam Tao Daya" (First Knowledge, Then Compassion): Lord Mahavir's philosophy is described as an "activist" philosophy, believing strongly in action, activity, and effort. However, this action must be combined with knowledge. The union of knowledge and conduct is the path to liberation. The epithets used for monks and ascetics often include "Vidya-charan Sampanna" (endowed with knowledge and conduct), signifying that Mahavir's activism was knowledge-infused. Action without knowledge is termed "Agyanvad" (doctrine of ignorance) or "Mithyatva" (false belief).
   • The Wise Person: A wise person, possessing clear vision and awakened discernment, considers the consequences of their actions and does not grieve or worry afterward ("Gnani no paridevaye"). They are also diligent and do not act carelessly or against prescribed rules ("Gnani no pamayaye").
   • Contemplation is Key: The article critiques thoughtless actions and religious rituals performed merely for show, which lack vitality and heart-touching quality. Thoughtless actions cannot influence behavior or bring about life changes. Therefore, Lord Mahavir's foremost principle is to contemplate and exercise discernment before any action ("Tatth bhagavaya parignna paveiya" - The Bhagavan has expounded this wisdom, discernment, and thought). This discernment enlivens our actions and makes them fruitful.
   • Self-Reliance in Thought: A contemplative and discerning individual requires no external instruction or guidance. They are their own guide. Such individuals are free from worries and troubles ("Kimatthi uvahi pasagassa? Na vijjai").
   • Respect for Individual Intellect: Lord Mahavir did not impose his knowledge on others but rather awakened their inner insight, allowing them the opportunity for independent thought. He encouraged individuals to examine his teachings with their own intellect ("Mai mam pas - O intelligent one, think for yourself..."). This demonstrates profound faith in human intelligence and thinking capacity.

2. Adherence to Truth (Satyena Sampanne):

   • Truth as Fundamental Strength: Lord Mahavir's second significant principle is to always remain connected to truth ("Sada satyena sampanne"). One should exert effort and courage in that which is true ("Sache tatth karejukkam"). Truth is the fundamental strength in the world.
   • Truth Conquers Fear: The wise person who relies on truth and stands for truth overcomes all fears and hardships, even death ("Sacchassa aanaya uvatthie sa mehavi maram tarai").
   • The Incident with Gautam Swami and Anand Shravak: The text recounts an event where Gautam Swami questioned the exceptional clairvoyance (Avadhi Gyan) of Anand Shravak, believing it impossible for a lay follower. Lord Mahavir corrected Gautam, stating that Anand's account was true and that Gautam had unjustly dismissed it. Mahavir instructed Gautam to seek forgiveness from Anand, emphasizing that in the face of truth, no one is superior or inferior; truth itself is supreme.
   • The Power of Truth: The Upanishadic seer's invocation to speak truth and righteousness, which protects the speaker and listeners and bestows fearlessness upon the world, is cited to underscore the protective nature of truth.

The Importance of Gentle Truth (Madhura Satya):

While emphasizing truth, Lord Mahavir also stressed the importance of speaking it with sweetness and gentleness:

• "Bhashitavyam hiyam satya" (Speak truth that is beneficial and pleasant): Truth should be spoken in a way that is beneficial and agreeable, causing no hurt or offense to anyone's heart.
• Truth that Causes Pain is Untruth: A truthful statement that causes pain or suffering to another is considered untruthful ("Sachcham pi hoi aliyam jam para pidakaram vyanam").
• Avoid Harsh Truths: One should not speak harsh truths that sadden or distress the listener ("Oye tahiyam pharusam vivyaane").
• The Case of Mahashatak and Revati: The example of Mahashatak, a lay follower, who predicted dire consequences for his wife Revati due to her misconduct, is presented. Revati became fearful and distressed. The next day, Lord Mahavir instructed Gautam Swami to tell Mahashatak that his harsh words, though truthful, had deeply pained Revati. Mahavir emphasized that even if the words were true, a lay follower should not speak such harsh and hurtful words. Mahashatak was asked to repent and seek forgiveness. This illustrates that the combination of truth with grace and sweetness makes truth acceptable and respectable.

Seeing Hidden Potential (Vyaktitv mein Chhipi Sambhavnaon ke Drashta):

• Recognizing Inner Greatness: Lord Mahavir possessed the ability to see the boundless potential hidden within individuals. He could recognize the capacity for greatness even in a young monk or a seemingly flawed individual.
• The Example of Meghkumar: Meghkumar, unable to sleep, approached Lord Mahavir seeking to return to his palace. Mahavir understood Meghkumar's inner turmoil but did not admonish him. Instead, by recounting Meghkumar's past life as an elephant, he awakened Meghkumar's self-awareness, leading to repentance and rededication to the spiritual path. This shows Mahavir's ability to understand human psychology and awaken inner consciousness.
• The Example of Atimuktaka Kumar: When Atimuktaka Kumar, lost in contemplation, floated a boat in water, and the senior monks complained to Mahavir, Mahavir did not scold or punish him. Instead, he addressed the junior monks, urging them not to disrespect the child monk who was destined for liberation in this very life. Mahavir's profound insight allowed him to see the future greatness in Atimuktaka, respecting his simplicity and encouraging his spiritual progress.
• Transforming the Fallen: This unique life vision enabled Lord Mahavir to transform hundreds of individuals. He saw potential in the killer Arjumali and the venomous snake Chandkaushik. His divine sight guided sinners and the lowly onto the path of righteousness and excellence.

The article concludes by urging readers to understand and accept these life principles scattered throughout the Jain scriptures, which, when integrated with the events of Mahavir's life, offer guidance and illuminate the path from darkness to light. The author, Shreechand Surana, is recognized as a distinguished scholar of Jain literature, an editor of numerous Jain texts, and the director of "Divakar Prakashan," known for popularizing Jain literature.