Bhagwan Mahavir - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Bhagwan Mahavir" by Purushottam Jain and Ravindra Jain, based on the provided pages:

Overall Purpose and Theme:

The book "Bhagwan Mahavir" aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the life, teachings, and philosophical underpinnings of Lord Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankar of Jainism. It seeks to present his message in a clear, accessible, and widely understood manner, particularly in the Punjabi language, making it available to a broader audience. The text emphasizes Mahavir's role as a revolutionary figure who advocated for universal peace, equality, and spiritual upliftment, offering solutions to the problems of his time and beyond.

Key Aspects and Contributions Highlighted:

Inspiration and Guidance: The book's publication was initiated and inspired by Sadhvi Sri Swarn Kanta Ji Maharaj, a prominent Jain spiritual leader. Her guidance and the support of the 25th Mahavir Nirvana Shatabdi Sanyojiya Samiti, Punjab, were crucial.
Punjabi Jain Literature: A significant focus of the work is the development of Jain literature in Punjabi, addressing a perceived gap in this specific linguistic domain. The authors, Purushottam Jain and Ravindra Jain, are recognized as pioneers in this endeavor.
Unbiased Perspective: The authors and contributors strive to present a neutral and unbiased perspective on Lord Mahavir's life, aiming to transcend sectarian interpretations that might limit his universal message.
Lord Mahavir as a Universal Figure: The text portrays Lord Mahavir not just as a historical figure but as an eternal spiritual beacon whose teachings are relevant across all times and cultures. He is presented as a "Krantipurush" (revolutionary figure) whose philosophy of universal development and the realization of the divine within humanity offers solutions to contemporary issues.
Critique of Sectarianism: The book critically addresses how various sectarian viewpoints (Digambar, Shwetambar, Terapanth) have sometimes fragmented the understanding of Lord Mahavir, leading to a " खंडितत" (fragmented) rather than a "संपूर्ण" (complete) perception of his teachings and persona.
Socio-Ethical Relevance: Lord Mahavir's teachings on non-violence (Ahimsa) and "Anekantavada" (non-absolutism, manifold perspectives) are highlighted as crucial for achieving world peace, harmony, and overcoming hatred and division. His stance against caste discrimination, untouchability, and animal sacrifice is also emphasized.
Literary and Scholarly Endeavor: The book is a testament to the dedication of the authors, Purushottam Jain and Ravindra Jain, who have collaboratively authored numerous books on Jainism. Their work is seen as an inspiration for future writers and a valuable contribution to Jain scholarship.
Sponsorship and Support: The reprint of the book was generously sponsored by Lala Sushil Kumar Jain of Delhi in memory of his mother, Smt. Lajwanti. This act of devotion and philanthropy is highly appreciated.
Compilation of Teachings: The book includes selected teachings of Lord Mahavir, organized into two parts, providing insights into his core philosophy.
Historical Context and Literature Review: A substantial portion of the text is dedicated to outlining the rich historical and literary tradition of Jainism, tracing the evolution of texts related to Lord Mahavir across various languages and periods, including Agam literature, Niryukti, Churani, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Apabhraṃśa, Rajasthani, and modern Indian languages.
Comparison with Other Religions: The text touches upon comparisons with Vedic and Buddhist traditions, discussing concepts like avatars and the influence of Jain Tirthankar traditions on these religions.
Key Life Events and Philosophy:
- Previous Lives: The book details Lord Mahavir's extensive journey through numerous previous births, highlighting the karmic journey and the gradual purification of the soul leading to the Tirthankar status. The concept of Tirthankar Gotra and the 20 specific virtues or observances required to attain it are explained.
- Birth and Early Life: The narrative covers his birth in Kundal Gram (Vaishali), his parents (King Siddharth and Queen Trishala), his childhood name Vardhaman, and his early signs of extraordinary intellect and detachment.
- Renunciation and Austerity: The text describes his decision to renounce worldly life at the age of 30, embarking on a period of intense austerity and meditation for twelve and a half years. This phase is depicted with details of the numerous physical and mental hardships he endured and overcame with equanimity.
- Enlightenment (Keval Gyan): The book explains the attainment of Keval Gyan (omniscience) at the age of 43 under a Sal tree by the river Rijupalika.
- The Samavasarana: A detailed description of the Samavasarana, the divine assembly hall created by celestial beings for Mahavir's sermons, is provided, including its structure, embellishments, and the presence of various beings.
- Teachings: The core of his teachings is summarized, including the Panch Mahavratas (five great vows for ascetics) and the Anuvaratas (twelve vows for lay followers). His philosophical concepts like soul-body distinction, karma, rebirth, the nature of existence (Jiva and Ajiva), and the path to liberation are discussed.
- Ganas and Disciples: The text introduces his chief disciples, the 11 Ganas, particularly Indrabhuti Gautam, highlighting their intellectual prowess and their eventual adherence to Mahavir's path.
- Goshalaka: A significant portion is dedicated to the complex relationship between Mahavir and Goshalaka, his former follower who developed a rival philosophy and exhibited challenging behavior, illustrating Mahavir's patience and detachment.
- Nirvana: The book culminates with the description of Lord Mahavir's Nirvana (liberation) at the age of 72 in Pawapuri, marking the end of his earthly existence and the commencement of the eternal light of his teachings. The significance of Diwali is also linked to this event.
- Social Reform: The book emphasizes Mahavir's role as a social reformer who challenged the prevailing norms of his time, including the caste system, animal sacrifice, and the subjugation of women.

Key Figures and Concepts:

Lord Mahavir: The central figure, presented as a revolutionary, spiritual guide, and epitome of non-violence, truth, and self-control.
Sadhvi Sri Swarn Kanta Ji Maharaj: The guiding force behind the publication.
Purushottam Jain & Ravindra Jain: The dedicated authors and promoters of Punjabi Jain literature.
Gautam Swami: Mahavir's chief disciple and the first Gana.
Ahimsa: Non-violence in thought, word, and deed.
Anekantavada: The doctrine of manifold perspectives.
Karma: The law of cause and effect governing actions and their consequences.
Moksha/Nirvana: Liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
Tirthankar: Spiritual teachers who establish the path of liberation.
Samavasarana: The divine preaching assembly.
Panch Mahavratas and Anuvaratas: The vows for ascetics and lay followers.

Contribution to Jainism and Society:

The book is presented as a valuable resource for understanding Jainism and Lord Mahavir's philosophy. It contributes to the promotion of Jain values and literature, aiming to foster spiritual growth, ethical living, and interfaith understanding. The emphasis on accessible language and the Punjabi medium ensures that Lord Mahavir's profound message reaches a wider audience, contributing to a more harmonious and compassionate society.