Bhagavana Mahavira

This book, "Bhagavan Mahavir" by His Holiness Jain Divakar, Pandit Muni Shri Chauthmalji Maharaj, published by Jainoday Pustak Prakashan Samiti Ratlam, is a comprehensive exploration of the life, teachings, and significance of Bhagwan Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. The book, translated by Pandit Ramchandra Sharma Shastri M. A. and revised by A. N. Upadhye, M. A., D. Litt., aims to present an exhaustive account of Mahavir's spiritual journey and his profound impact on humanity.

The book is structured to cover various facets of Mahavir's life and the Jain philosophy:

Foundational Concepts and Jain Cosmology:

• Introduction to Arihants: The text begins by defining Arihants as divinely pure souls who have conquered worldly attachments and passions, attained enlightenment, and are embodiments of Ahimsa, selfless love, and compassion. It highlights their role as destroyers of sin and redeemers of the fallen.
• The Path to Tirthankara-hood: Becoming a Tirthankara is described as an arduous, multi-life journey requiring immense effort, continuous penance, overcoming obstacles of past karma, and unwavering dedication to spiritual ascent.
• Kala-Chakra (Wheel of Time): The book delves into the Jain concept of time cycles (Utsarpini - ascending, and Avasarpini - descending) and their divisions into six Aras (periods). It outlines the progressive decline in human lifespan, physical attributes, and moral conduct through the Aras of Avasarpini, with the current era being the fifth Ara (Dukhama).
• Shalaka Purushas: It introduces the concept of 63 "Shalaka Purushas" or outstanding personalities who are born during specific eras, including the 24 Tirthankaras, 12 Chakravartins (Emperors), and 27 Viras (Heroes like Baladevas, Vasudevas, and Prati-Vasudevas).
• The Role of Tirthankaras: Tirthankaras are portrayed as saviors who re-establish religious principles, inspire souls towards liberation, and create the fourfold Jain community (monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen). They are characterized by 34 specialities, 35 attributes of speech, and freedom from 18 defects.
• Rishabha Devji (Adinath): The first Tirthankara is described in detail, emphasizing his role in establishing societal structures, arts, and industries, including the introduction of scriptural knowledge and vocational training. The book highlights the vast repository of knowledge and arts prevalent in ancient India during his time.

Bhagwan Mahavir's Life and Teachings:

• Previous Lives: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to recounting the previous births of Lord Mahavir, tracing his spiritual evolution through various human and celestial lives. These narratives emphasize the concept of karma and how past actions shape future destinies, illustrating lessons on pride, anger, detachment, and the consequences of one's choices.
• Birth and Childhood: The book details the divine conception of Mahavir, the fourteen auspicious dreams seen by his mother Trishala, and his extraordinary childhood, including his intellectual prowess and physical strength that earned him the title "Mahavira."
• Renunciation and Asceticism: The narrative vividly describes Mahavir's renunciation of worldly pleasures, royal life, and his family at the age of 30. It details his 12.5 years of severe penance, often involving extreme hardships and Upasargas (disturbances from gods and natural elements), which he endured with exemplary patience and equanimity.
• The Encounter with Chanda Kaushika: The story of the transformation of the venomous snake Chanda Kaushika into a devoted follower due to Mahavir's compassion and spiritual power is a key highlight, illustrating the transformative power of Ahimsa and forbearance.
• Goshala's Relationship with Mahavir: The book narrates the complex relationship between Mahavir and Goshala, his initial companion who later diverged and founded his own sect (Ajivika). It depicts Goshala's envy, attempts to test Mahavir, and eventual downfall due to his misuse of powers and flawed philosophy, contrasting it with Mahavir's unwavering path.
• Attainment of Kevala Jnana (Omniscience): The pivotal moment of Mahavir's enlightenment under a Sal tree is described, detailing the ten dreams that portended his spiritual attainment and the profound philosophical insights he gained.
• The First Sermon and the Ganadharas: The book outlines Mahavir's first sermon and the conversion of eleven prominent scholars, including Indrabhuti Gautam, into his chief disciples (Ganadharas), who then helped in formulating the Jain scriptures. The text elaborates on the specific doubts of each of these scholars and how Mahavir resolved them with his profound knowledge.
• The Principle of Ahimsa: A substantial part of the book is dedicated to explaining the multifaceted nature of Jain Ahimsa, emphasizing its vocal, mental, and spiritual dimensions. It argues against the misconception of Ahimsa as weakness, highlighting it as a virtue of the brave that fosters unity and moral progress, not political subjugation.
• The Vows and Lay Disciples: The book touches upon the vows taken by householders (Shravakas and Shravikas), exemplified by figures like Gathapati Ananda and Kamadevaji, showcasing how lay followers can integrate spiritual principles into their daily lives.
• Nirvana (Salvation): The final moments of Bhagwan Mahavir's earthly existence, his ascent to Nirvana, and the subsequent legacy are described, marking the culmination of his spiritual journey.

Author and Translator: The book acknowledges the author, His Holiness Jain Diwakar, Pandit Muni Shri Chauthmalji Maharaj, and the translator, Pandit Ramchandra Sharma Shastri M. A. It also mentions A. N. Upadhye, M. A., D. Litt., for his revision, indicating a collaborative effort in bringing this work to fruition.

In essence, "Bhagavan Mahavir" is a comprehensive guide that seeks to illuminate the profound spiritual path of Bhagwan Mahavir, offering deep insights into Jain philosophy, ethics, and the universal principles of non-violence, truth, penance, and self-control. It aims to inspire readers to lead a more meaningful and spiritually enriched life by understanding and applying these timeless teachings.