Attendant Devis Of Jainas

Here is a comprehensive summary of the provided text, "Attendant Devis of Jainas" by Dr. C. L. Prabhakar:

The book "Attendant Devis of Jainas" by Dr. C. L. Prabhakar delves into the mythological aspect of Jainism, specifically focusing on the female deities (Devis) and some male attendants (Yakshas) who are associated with the twenty-four Jinas (Tirthankaras).

Central Theme:

The core of the book revolves around the work of Sobhanamuni, a tenth-century Jain scholar and poet, particularly his composition "Caturvimsika." This work is highlighted as a significant contribution to Jain literature because it not only praises the twenty-four Jinas but also uniquely characterizes their attendant female deities. The author, Dr. Prabhakar, aims to elucidate these deities and their roles as presented by Sobhanamuni, demonstrating their importance in Jain worship and mythology.

Key Arguments and Observations:

• Jinas as Supreme: Jainism, while acknowledging the existence of Devis and other celestial beings, firmly places the Jinas as the supreme personalities. The Jinas have transcended all limitations through their austerities and self-control, achieving a state comparable to Parabrahma in Hinduism. The attendant Devis are seen as supporters and protectors of these Jinas and their devotees.
• Role of Attendant Deities: The text emphasizes that each of the twenty-four Jinas is believed to have attendant deities, primarily Devis, who offer care and invoke blessings. This tradition is a significant aspect of Jain worship. Only two Jinas are noted as having Yakshas (male attendants).
• Sobhanamuni's Contribution: Sobhanamuni's "Caturvimsika" is lauded for its dedicated description of these attendant Devis. In his work, he dedicates a verse to each of the twenty-four Jinas, characterizing their respective female attendants. This exclusive focus on the Devis is considered Sobhanamuni's special contribution, offering a unique perspective on Jain mythology.
• Devis and Jinas' Characteristics: The book proceeds to detail each of the twenty-four Jinas and their associated Devis (or Yakshas). The descriptions highlight the Devis' physical attributes, their weapons or symbols, their mounts (vehicles), and the specific virtues or powers they are believed to possess. These characteristics are often linked to the qualities and teachings of the Jinas they attend. For example, Sruta Devi is associated with Rsabha and represents the personification of Jain doctrine, while Kali Devi, attendant to Sumati Jina, is depicted as fierce towards non-worshippers.
• Discrimination and Distinction: Dr. Prabhakar points out that while some Devis share names (like Rohini Devi and Kali Devi appearing for multiple Jinas), Sobhanamuni's descriptions provide distinct characteristics and relationships for each, differentiating them.
• Superiority of Jinas Established: The descriptions of the Devis ultimately serve to reinforce the superiority of the Jinas. The fact that the Devis' blessings are considered expedient for Jinas and their followers underscores the importance of these deities within the larger framework of Jain spiritual practice.
• Impact of Sobhanamuni's Work: Sobhanamuni's stotra not only inspired devotion but also attracted the attention of scholars like Dhanapala, who wrote a commentary ("Curika") on it. This collaboration made Sobhanamuni's work more accessible and understandable to a wider audience. His poetic prowess and deep understanding of Jain philosophy are recognized as contributing to the value of Sanskrit Jain literature of his era.
• Universal Goal of Religions: The book concludes by reflecting on the common goal of all religions, which is to elevate humanity towards better behavior and happiness, with Nirvana being the ultimate aim. Jainism, through its Jinas and their teachings, is presented as a path to achieving this spiritual upliftment.

In essence, "Attendant Devis of Jainas" provides a scholarly examination of the female divine attendants in Jainism, using Sobhanamuni's "Caturvimsika" as a primary source to illuminate their iconography, mythology, and significance in the religious landscape, all while reinforcing the supreme status of the Jinas.