Amari Ghoshnano Dastavej

This document is a comprehensive summary in English of the Jain text titled "Amari Ghoshnano Dastavej" (The Document of the Amari Proclamation).

Book Title: Amari Ghoshnano Dastavej (The Document of the Amari Proclamation) Author: Sensuri, Shilchandrasuri Publisher: Bhadrankaroday Shikshan Trust Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001482/1

Overall Summary:

"Amari Ghoshnano Dastavej" is a meticulously researched and illustrated presentation of a significant historical document related to the Jain tradition. The book focuses on a "Vijnaptipatra" (a formal letter of request or appeal, often elaborately decorated and illustrated) that details an imperial decree (Farman) received by Acharya Shri Vijayasen Suri. This decree concerned the proclamation of "Amari" (a period of non-violence and prohibition of animal slaughter).

The book is presented as the third volume in the "Jagadguru-Hir-Swargarohana-Chatuh Shatabdi Granthamala-3," celebrating the quadricentennial of the passing of the great Jain Acharya Shri Hirvijaysuri. The primary purpose of the book is to highlight and disseminate knowledge about this historical Vijnaptipatra, which is considered a vital piece of evidence demonstrating the immense efforts undertaken by Jain ascetics in upholding the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence).

Key Themes and Content:

1. Commemoration of Acharya Hirvijaysuri: The book is released in conjunction with the 400th anniversary of the passing of Acharya Hirvijaysuri, a highly revered Jain monk who influenced Emperor Akbar, leading to significant measures for animal welfare and religious tolerance across India.

2. The Significance of the Vijnaptipatra:

   • Unique Jain Literary Form: The document emphasizes that Vijnaptipatra is a unique contribution of Jain tradition to medieval literature. These letters are characterized by their elaborate calligraphy, extensive length (often 20-60 feet), and, crucially, rich illustrations.
   • Content of Vijnaptipatras: Typically, these letters are written by Jain monks or congregations to their Acharyas or Gachchhanayakas (leaders of Jain orders). They usually contain apologies for any transgressions during the year, requests for the Acharya to visit their region or spend their Chaturmas (a four-month monastic retreat) there, and detailed accounts of religious observances.
   • Historical Context: The Vijnaptipatra discussed in this book is significant because it documents a crucial event during the reign of Emperor Jahangir.

3. The Historical Incident Detailed in the Vijnaptipatra:

   • Akbar's Influence: The book first revisits the historical context of Acharya Hirvijaysuri's influence on Emperor Akbar. Hirvijaysuri, through his profound knowledge, asceticism, and compassion, convinced Akbar to implement measures like prohibiting animal sacrifice, reducing meat consumption, and cancelling certain taxes, thereby promoting Ahimsa throughout the Mughal empire.
   • Jahangir's Reversal and Jain Efforts: After Akbar's death, his successor Jahangir initially reversed some of these benevolent policies and began harassing Jains. However, the Vijnaptipatra records the successful efforts of Acharya Vijayasen Suri's disciples, particularly Vacaka Vivekharsugani, who, with the help of Raja Ramadasa, persuaded Jahangir to issue an imperial decree (Farman) prohibiting animal slaughter for twelve days during the Paryushana festival.
   • The Farman's Journey: The Vijnaptipatra beautifully illustrates the process of this Farman being issued by Jahangir, received by Raja Ramadasa, and then carried and presented to Acharya Vijayasen Suri, who was residing in Devkapatan during his Chaturmas.

4. Artistic Significance of the Vijnaptipatra:

   • Connection to Miniature Painting: The Vijnaptipatra is renowned for its exceptional miniature paintings, which represent a transition from the older Jain painting styles to the emerging Mughal style.
   • Artist Ustad Shalivahan: The paintings within this Vijnaptipatra are attributed to the esteemed Mughal artist Ustad Shalivahan, who served under Emperor Jahangir. His work is praised for its realism and ability to capture the essence of the subjects.
   • Depicted Scenes: The illustrations vividly depict various scenes:
     • Jahangir's court, showing the emperor and his son Prince Khurram (later Shah Jahan).
     • Raja Ramadasa and Vivekharsugani receiving and preparing to disseminate the Amari proclamation.
     • The proclamation being announced in the city.
     • Foreign dignitaries acknowledging the decree.
     • A royal elephant carrying the proclamation.
     • The architectural grandeur of the period, including gateways and palaces (like the "Haathi Pol" or Elephant Gate, depicting the statues of two Rajput heroes memorialized by Akbar).
     • A market scene.
     • Acharya Vijayasen Suri delivering a discourse in a mandapika (assembly hall) and receiving the Farman from his disciples. The paintings capture the various expressions and activities of the four-fold Jain assembly (monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen).
   • Realism and Detail: Ustad Shalivahan's mastery is evident in the realistic portrayal of figures, clothing (like the flowing jama), delicate facial features, and the dynamic depiction of actions. The script of the Vijnaptipatra itself provides detailed captions and descriptions of these paintings.

5. Preservation and Availability:

   • The original Vijnaptipatra, described as being over 13 feet long and 13 inches wide, was once part of the collection of Muni Bhagwant Shri Hansvijayji Maharaj. It was later transferred to the Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Bharatiya Sanskriti Vidyamandir in Ahmedabad and is now permanently displayed in the L.D. Museum.
   • The book laments the general lack of awareness and engagement within the Jain community regarding such valuable historical and artistic treasures, despite their prominence in academic circles and publications by scholars.

6. The Text of the Vijnaptipatra: The book includes the original text of the Vijnaptipatra in Gujarati script, along with a transliterated and more accessible version. This text is a long and ornate eulogy of Acharya Vijayasen Suri, listing his numerous virtues, achievements, and titles, before proceeding to the main narrative.

7. Call to Action: The publication aims to reawaken interest within the Jain community towards their rich heritage and the monumental efforts of their ancestors in promoting Ahimsa. It encourages Jains to study and appreciate these historical documents.

In essence, "Amari Ghoshnano Dastavej" is a scholarly work that brings to light a significant historical document, showcasing the Jain tradition's role in advocating for non-violence through both spiritual leadership and tangible royal decrees, all meticulously illustrated by a renowned Mughal artist. It serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of Jain Acharyas and the rich cultural history of India.