Aise Kya Pap Kiye

Summary of "Aise Kya Pap Kiye" by Ratanchand Bharilla

"Aise Kya Pap Kiye" (What Sins Have We Committed?) by Ratanchand Bharilla, published by Todarmal Granthamala, Jaipur, is a collection of profound philosophical essays and stories based on Jain principles, aimed at guiding readers towards a righteous and fulfilling life. The book, which has seen multiple reprints due to its immense popularity, explores fundamental Jain doctrines through simple yet impactful narratives and insightful essays.

The author, Pandit Ratanchand Bharilla Shastri, a respected scholar and Principal of Shri Todarmal Digamber Jain Siddhant Mahavidyalaya, draws heavily on the teachings of revered Jain scholars and spiritual leaders, including Kundakunda Acharya and Kanji Swami. He translates complex philosophical concepts into accessible language, making them relatable to a wide audience.

The book is broadly divided into 21 essays and 3 stories, presented in a conversational and didactic style. The core message revolves around understanding the true nature of sin, karma, and the path to happiness, both in this life and in the pursuit of liberation.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and concepts discussed in the book:

1. Understanding "Sin" and Karma: The central question posed by the title, "What Sins Have We Committed?", delves into the common misconception of sin. Bharilla argues that true sin isn't merely outward actions like theft or violence, but rather the internal states of mithya-abhipraay (wrong beliefs/intentions), raag (attachment), and dwesh (aversion). These internal states lead to aart-dhyan (distressful meditation) and raudra-dhyan (fierce meditation), which are the root causes of karma bondage and suffering. The book emphasizes that while outward acts like harming living beings are indeed harmful, the subtle internal inclinations are equally, if not more, significant in shaping one's destiny. The story of Lakshminandan illustrates how even a seemingly pious person, engaged in daily rituals but harboring wrong beliefs and attachments, suffers due to these internal "sins."

2. The True Meaning of Devotion and Worship: The essay "Nitya Dev Darshan Kyon?" (Why Daily Worship?) critiques superficial devotional practices. Bharilla clarifies that true devotion isn't about appeasing deities with offerings for personal gain, but rather about emulating the virtues of the Panch Parmeshthi (the five supreme beings in Jainism: Arhants, Siddhas, Acharyas, Upadhyayas, and Sadhus). He stresses that the ultimate goal of dev darshan (seeing the divine) is atma-darshan (seeing one's own soul). The beautiful symbolism of Jin statues, with their peaceful posture and detached limbs, is explained to guide the practitioner towards self-realization.

3. The Six Essential Duties of a Layperson (Shravaka's Shat-Avashyak): This section meticulously outlines the six fundamental duties for Jain laypeople:

• Deva Puja: Worship of the divine, emphasizing the underlying principles of purity of heart and mind.
• Guru Upasana: Reverence and service to spiritual guides, recognizing their role in illuminating the path to liberation.
• Swadhyay: Self-study and reflection, particularly on scriptures, to understand the true nature of the soul.
• Sanyam: Restraint and control of senses and passions.
• Tapa: Austerity and self-discipline, both internal and external.
• Dan: Charity and giving, not just material wealth but also knowledge and protection. The essay highlights the importance of performing these duties with genuine devotion and understanding, not merely as ritualistic actions.

4. The Distinction Between Merit (Punya) and Righteousness (Dharma): Bharilla meticulously differentiates between punya (merit, often gained through good deeds) and dharma (righteousness, the true nature of the soul). While punya leads to favorable worldly circumstances and heavenly pleasures, it is still considered a form of vibhava (unnatural state) and contributes to the cycle of birth and death. True dharma, on the other hand, is the inherent, pure, and unchanging nature of the soul, leading to liberation (moksha). The book cautions against mistaking the accumulation of punya for the attainment of true dharma.

5. The "Spiritual Pancha Sakar": A Formula for Happiness: This essay presents a five-pronged approach to spiritual well-being, akin to a medicinal formula for overcoming the "affliction of worldly existence." These five elements, starting with "Sa," are:

• Sanyog: External circumstances and possessions.
• Sanyogi Bhav: Feelings and attitudes towards external circumstances.
• Swabhav: The true, inherent nature of the soul.
• Swabhav ke Sadhan: The means to realize one's true nature.
• Siddhatva: The state of liberation. By analyzing these elements through various philosophical lenses (e.g., happiness-inducing vs. suffering-inducing, to be renounced vs. to be known vs. to be adopted), the book guides readers to understand the impermanence of external factors and the eternal bliss found in the self.

6. Omniscience, Predetermined Order, and Self-Effort (Sarvagya, Krambaddh Paryay, and Purusharth): This essay tackles the seemingly contradictory Jain concepts of omniscience (the foreknowledge of all events) and self-effort (purusharth). It explains that while the Sarvagya (omniscient beings) know the entire sequence of events (krambaddh paryay) with absolute clarity, this knowledge does not negate individual free will and effort. The universe operates according to a precise, predetermined order, but within this framework, the soul's effort in cultivating virtuous qualities and striving for liberation remains paramount. The book emphasizes that understanding this delicate balance is crucial for spiritual progress.

7. The Bhaktamar Stotra: A Hymn of Selfless Devotion: The Bhaktamar Stotra, composed by Muni Mantunga, is analyzed as a profound expression of nishkam bhakti (selfless devotion). Bharilla refutes the notion that the stotra is merely a collection of mantras for worldly gains, explaining that mentions of overcoming fears and diseases are descriptions of the natural consequences of true devotion, not requests. The stotra's literary beauty and philosophical depth are lauded, and the author contrasts genuine, selfless devotion with ritualistic practices driven by desire or fear.

8. The "Panchkalyanak" Ritual and the Path to Divinity: The essays on Panchkalyanak (the five auspicious events in the life of a Tirthankara: conception, birth, renunciation, omniscience, and liberation) highlight the Jain belief in the soul's potential for divinity. It explains that these events, while specific to Tirthankaras, serve as powerful exemplars for all souls. The rituals surrounding Panchkalyanak are not mere ceremonies but are intended to inspire individuals to strive for self-perfection and ultimately achieve liberation. The book clarifies the symbolic meaning of the Panchkalyanak rituals, connecting them to the soul's journey from a state of "stone" (unrealized potential) to "divine" (fully realized soul).

9. The Principle of Non-Possession (Aparigraha) and the Paradox of Wealth: This essay addresses the apparent contradiction of Jain householders who advocate for aparigraha (non-possession) yet often accumulate wealth. Bharilla explains that true aparigraha lies not in the absence of external possessions but in the absence of murchha (attachment, possessiveness) towards them. Wealth itself is not a sin; it is the clinging to it, the sense of "mine," that constitutes the sin of parigraha. The book emphasizes that wealth earned righteously and used for good causes, without attachment, can be a means to spiritual upliftment.

10. The Digambar Path of Nakedness: The essay "Jain Sadhu Digambar Kyon Hote Hain?" (Why are Jain Monks Digambar?) explores the philosophical rationale behind the practice of digambar (sky-clad) monasticism. It is explained as a symbol of complete detachment from the body and its concerns, a state of fearlessness, self-reliance, and freedom from all worldly possessions, including clothing. Digambarism represents the ultimate rejection of the ego and the pursuit of the soul's pure, unadulterated nature.

11. Lord Mahavir's Universal Message: This section summarizes the core teachings of Lord Mahavir, emphasizing that every soul has the inherent potential to become a divine being. The message centers on the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence), Anekant (multi-faceted reality), Syadvad (conditional predication), and Aparigraha (non-possession). It highlights how these principles, when applied to thought, speech, and action, lead to a life of peace, harmony, and ultimate liberation.

12. The Significance of "Samaysar": Bharilla discusses the timeless wisdom of Kundakunda Acharya's "Samaysar," a foundational Jain text. He stresses that the apparent difficulty of the text lies not in its inherent complexity but in the reader's lack of familiarity and practice. The essay encourages diligent study and contemplation of "Samaysar," emphasizing its role in revealing the true nature of the soul and guiding one towards spiritual realization.

13. The Concept of "Krambaddh Paryay" and Self-Effort: This essay addresses the concept of krambaddh paryay (the sequential unfolding of events) within the framework of sarvagya (omniscience). It clarifies that understanding the predetermined order of events does not negate the importance of purusharth (self-effort). The soul's effort in spiritual practice is crucial for navigating the predetermined course of destiny and ultimately achieving liberation.

14. The "Bhaktamar Stotra" as a Hymn of Selfless Devotion: This essay reiterates the purity of intention behind the Bhaktamar Stotra, emphasizing its role in expressing selfless devotion and glorifying the virtues of the omniscient beings, rather than seeking worldly favors. The literary and philosophical merit of the stotra is explored, along with common misconceptions about its use as a mantra.

15. The Principles of "Purusharthasiddhi Upaya" and Acharya Amritchandra: The book delves into the influential work of Acharya Amritchandra, particularly "Purusharthasiddhi Upaya," a treatise on the path to liberation for laypeople. Bharilla highlights Acharya Amritchandra's profound understanding of Jain philosophy, his ability to integrate Nishchay (ultimate truth) and Vyavahar (conventional truth), and his unique perspective on Himsa (violence) and Ahimsa (non-violence) as primarily states of mind rather than just outward actions.

16. The Importance of "Dharma: Paribhasha Nahin Prayog Hai" (Dharma is Practice, Not Definition): This essay strongly advocates for the practical application of Jain principles in daily life. Bharilla argues that merely memorizing definitions and scriptures is insufficient; true religion lies in the experiential realization and implementation of these teachings. He emphasizes that the true practice of dharma begins with self-awareness (bhed-vigyan) and leads to the realization of the soul's pure nature.

17. The Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture: This essay highlights the significant impact of Jainism on the broader Indian cultural landscape. It emphasizes Jainism's foundational principles of Ahimsa, Anekant, and Aparigraha and their influence on various aspects of Indian society, including ethics, social reform, and even political movements like India's independence struggle led by Mahatma Gandhi. The essay also points out the impact of Jain lifestyle and practices on neighboring communities.

18. The "Panchkalyanak" Rituals: A Process of Transformation: This section explains the spiritual significance of the Panchkalyanak rituals, which commemorate the five auspicious life events of Tirthankaras. These rituals are not merely historical reenactments but are designed to inspire spiritual aspiration and guide individuals towards their own path of self-transformation, moving from a "stone" state of ignorance to the "divine" state of realization.

19. The Legacy of Taran Swami: The book touches upon the life and teachings of Taran Swami, a 16th-century revolutionary saint who emphasized the study of Jain scriptures and the internal realization of the soul's nature. His teachings are presented as a bridge between external rituals and the profound spiritual insights of Jainism, making them accessible to a wider audience amidst challenging socio-political times.

20. The Impact of Shrimad Kanji Swami: The essay discusses the immense influence of Shrimad Kanji Swami, a prominent 20th-century Jain scholar who revitalized the study and dissemination of Kundakunda Acharya's teachings, particularly "Samaysar." His simplified explanations and emphasis on the practical application of Jain philosophy made it accessible to millions, profoundly impacting the Jain community and promoting spiritual awakening.

21. The Literary Contributions of Banarasidas: This section highlights the literary genius of Banarasidas, a prominent poet in Jain tradition. His works, like "Samaysar Natak" and "Ardha-Kathanak," are praised for their simplicity, spiritual depth, adherence to Jain principles, and for breaking away from orthodox traditions. His unique style and insights into human nature and spirituality are lauded.

22. The Significance of "Man Se Mukti Ki Aur" (Towards Freedom from Ego): This story illustrates the destructive nature of ego and pride, even in newfound prosperity. The tale of Seth Jinvachandra, who rose from poverty but succumbed to arrogance, serves as a cautionary tale. It underscores the importance of humility, gratitude, and remembering one's origins, even amidst success, to avoid the pitfalls of ego.

23. "Jaan Raha Hoon, Dekh Raha Hoon" (I am Knowing, I am Seeing): This story critiques the passive approach to spirituality, where mere intellectual understanding is mistaken for true spiritual realization. It highlights the need to actively apply spiritual principles in daily life, especially during challenging times, rather than remaining a mere spectator. The narrative contrasts superficial spiritual discourse with the practical application of self-awareness and detachment.

In essence, "Aise Kya Pap Kiye" serves as a comprehensive guide to living a meaningful and spiritually enriched life by understanding and practicing the core tenets of Jainism. It encourages introspection, ethical conduct, and the relentless pursuit of self-realization, ultimately leading to true happiness and liberation.