Agam Sutra Satik 44 Nandisootra ChulikaSutra 1

This document is a detailed summary and analysis of the Nandisūtra, specifically focusing on Chūlikā Sūtra 1, as found within the larger text "Āgam Sūtra Satik Bhāg 30, 44 Nandisūtra Chūlikā Sūtra 1". The text is authored by Dipratnasagar and Deepratnasagar, and published by Āgam Śrut Prakāshan.

The summary highlights the following key aspects of the text, organized by page and content:

General Information (Pages 1-2):

• Title: Āgam Sūtrāṇi (Satik), Bhāg 30, 44 Nandisūtra, Chūlikā Sūtra 1, 45. Anuయోగadvāra Chūlikā Sūtra.
• Author/Editor: Muni Dīparatnasāgar.
• Publisher: Āgam Śrut Prakāshan.
• Date of Publication: 14-4-2000.
• Dedication: The text is dedicated to Lord Neminātha and Guru Śrī Ānand-Kṣamā-Lalit-Suśīl-SudharmaSāgar.
• Financial Sponsors: A list of patrons is provided, indicating financial contributions for the publication of copies.
• Textual Structure: Page 3 outlines the subject index of the Chūlikā Sūtra, detailing the sections covered:
  • Nandisūtra: Includes Veerastuti, Sanghostuti, Jinavandanā, Gaṇadhar Vandana, Jinśāsan Stuti, Sthavirāvalī, Śrotā, Pariṣad, classifications of knowledge (Avadhijñāna, Manahparyayajñāna, Kevalajñāna, Matiśruta jñāna), Angapraviṣṭa Sūtra description, Dravya Skandha, Upakrama, Ānupūrvī, Anugama, Nayapravarūpaṇā, Pramāṇapravarūpaṇā, Samaya ādi vyākhyā, Vaktavyatā, Nikṣepavyākhyā, Sapta Nay Swarūpa.
  • Anuyogadvāra Chūlikā Sūtra: Includes description of Anuyogadvāra Sūtra, necessity of studying it, Nikṣepa, Bhed, etc., Śruta Nikṣepa Bhed, and knowledge-related descriptions.
  • Appendices: Anugānandī-Pariśiṣṭa-1 and Yoganandī-Pariśiṣṭa-2 are mentioned.

Core Content of the Nandisūtra (Pages 6-19):

• Purpose: The text begins with the invocation "Jayati Bhuvanaikabhānu..." and establishes the importance of spiritual pursuit for liberation from suffering. It emphasizes the dual nature of helping others (dravyataḥ and bhāvataḥ), with the latter being paramount.
• Nandi: The word "Nandi" is explained etymologically and conceptually. It signifies joy, prosperity, and is also used to refer to the study of the five types of knowledge (Jñāna Pañcaka), which is the subject of the current study.
• Four Types of Nandi:
  • Nāmanandi: A name given to something, irrespective of its meaning.
  • Sthāpanānandi: Symbolic representation, like letters.
  • Dravyanandi: Material Nandi, like musical instruments. It's further divided into Āgamata (knowledge of Nandi without application) and Noāgamata (physical body related to Nandi, belonging to the future or outside the scope of Āgama).
  • Bhāvanandi: Mental Nandi, divided into Āgamata (knowledge of Nandi with application) and Noāgamata (the five types of Jñāna).
• Praise of Jinas: The text commences with the praise of Lord Vardhamana, describing Him as the source of all virtues and the dispeller of darkness.
• The Nature of the Soul (Ātmā): A significant portion of the early pages (6-16) is dedicated to a philosophical discourse refuting the materialistic view that consciousness is merely a product of the body or senses. It argues for the existence of the soul (Ātmā) as an independent, conscious entity, capable of transmigration and unaffected by the body's dissolution. Various arguments and counter-arguments are presented to establish the soul's eternal nature.
• The Concept of "Yonis": The text discusses "Yonis" as the source of the origin of living beings, which are diverse and differ in nature.
• Praise of Lord Mahāvīra: The text then extols Lord Mahāvīra with various epithets like Jagadguru, Jagadānanda, Jagannātha, Jagadbandhu, and Jagatpitāmaha, highlighting His role in establishing the Jain tradition and guiding beings towards spiritual liberation.
• The Nature of Śruta (Scripture): The text delves into the nature of Śruta, asserting that all valid scriptures originate from the teachings of the omniscient (Sarvajña), including the Jinas. It critiques other philosophical schools that claim scriptural authority without such a basis.
• The Importance of Nandi: The text emphasizes that the initial study should focus on "Nandi" to overcome obstacles and achieve auspiciousness, as wealth and spiritual progress are often accompanied by difficulties.
• The Sangha: The text shifts to praising the Sangha (the spiritual community) using various metaphors like a city, chariot, lotus, and moon, illustrating its virtues of unbroken conduct, purity, strength, and auspiciousness.
• The Five Types of Knowledge: The text systematically introduces and explains the five types of knowledge according to Jainism:
  1. Abhinibodhika-jñāna (Śruta-Matijñāna): Sensory and mental knowledge, derived from senses and mind.
  2. Śruta-jñāna: Knowledge gained from scriptures or external sources.
  3. Avadhi-jñāna: Clairvoyance, limited knowledge of forms, time, and space.
  4. Manahparyaya-jñāna: Telepathy, knowledge of others' thoughts.
  5. Kevala-jñāna: Omniscience, complete and perfect knowledge.
• Classification of Knowledge: The text elaborates on the classifications of knowledge, particularly Avadhi-jñāna (Bhava-pratyaya and Kṣayopaśama-pratyaya) and the conditions for their attainment. It also discusses the specific characteristics and scope of each type of knowledge.
• The "Loka" and "Aloka": The concept of the universe (Loka) and the space beyond it (Aloka) is discussed in relation to knowledge.
• Theories of Causality: The text engages in refutations of various philosophical schools, including Materialists (Chārvāka), Śūnyavādins, Ishvaravādins (Theists), Niyativādins (Fatalists), and Svabhāvavādins (Naturalists), establishing the Jain perspective on causality and the nature of reality.
• The Nature of the Soul and Consciousness: The text extensively discusses the soul's attributes, its dependence on the body versus its independence, and refutes the idea of consciousness being solely a bodily product.
• The Concept of "Naya": The principles of Naya (standpoints or perspectives) in Jain philosophy are briefly touched upon in relation to knowledge.
• The Role of Śruta (Scripture): The text emphasizes that all valid knowledge ultimately traces back to the teachings of the omniscient beings.
• The Āvali: The text describes the lineage of Tirthankaras and their Ganadharas (chief disciples), listing them and highlighting their importance in the propagation of Jain teachings.
• The Twelve Angas: The text concludes by listing the twelve Angas of the Jain canon, emphasizing their comprehensive nature and the vastness of knowledge contained within them.

Concluding Remarks:

The document appears to be a comprehensive analysis and exposition of the Nandisūtra, incorporating the commentary of Ācārya Malayagiri. It follows a question-and-answer format (as indicated by the 'Se kim tam?' and 'Kim tam?' sequences) to explain the intricacies of the Nandi Sūtra and its related concepts, particularly focusing on the different types of knowledge. The extensive philosophical discussions, refutations of other schools of thought, and detailed explanations of Jain terminology suggest a deep scholarly approach.